diabetes

• What is diabetes caused by in relation to insulin?

  Not producing enough or any insulin to control blood glucose concentration
• What happens when blood glucose concentration is too high in someone with diabetes?

  Some glucose is filtered out by the kidneys and passed into the urine
• What are common symptoms of diabetes?

  Thirst, frequent urination, lethargy, and glucose in the urine
• What are the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

  • Type 1 diabetes:
  • Develops usually early in life
  • Pancreas stops producing insulin
  • Type 2 diabetes:
  • Develops in older people
  • Linked to poor diet, lack of exercise, and obesity
  • Pancreas gradually produces less insulin
• What is the treatment for Type 1 diabetes?

  Control carbohydrate intake and inject insulin
• What is the treatment for Type 2 diabetes?

  Control carbohydrate intake, increase exercise, and take tablets or insulin
• What future trend is expected regarding diabetes sufferers?

  Increase in numbers of sufferers due to obesity
• What complications can arise from too much insulin or not eating regularly?

  A hypoglycaemic attack may occur, resulting in unconsciousness or coma
• What long-term effects can result from high blood glucose concentrations?

  Eye damage, heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage
• What causes the long-term complications of diabetes?

  High blood glucose concentrations damaging the capillaries
• What are capillaries?

  Small, permeable blood vessels that allow diffusion of substances
• What are the key components of diabetes management?

  • Monitor blood glucose levels
  • Control carbohydrate intake
  • Regular exercise
  • Medication (insulin or tablets)
• What are the differences in the development of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

  • Type 1:
  • Develops early in life
  • Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells
  • Type 2:
  • Develops later in life
  • Associated with lifestyle factors