Cellular respiration

• What happens in all cells during respiration?

  It is a chemical reaction which releases energy.
• What is one type of respiration?

  Aerobic respiration.
• What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

  glucose + oxygen — carbon dioxide + water
• What are the reactants and products of aerobic respiration?

  The reactants are glucose and oxygen; the products are carbon dioxide and water.
• Where does aerobic respiration occur in cells?

  In the mitochondria of cells.
• What is diffusion?

  It is the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• How does diffusion relate to respiration?

  Diffusion allows the reactants and products to move in and out of the cells.
• What substances move into and out of the cells during respiration?

  Glucose and oxygen move in; carbon dioxide and water move out.
• Why do cells normally use aerobic respiration?

  Because it releases more energy.
• What is another type of respiration?

  Anaerobic respiration.
• When does anaerobic respiration take place?

  When there is not enough oxygen.
• What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

  glucose — lactic acid
• What are the reactants and products of anaerobic respiration in animals?

  The reactant is glucose and the product is lactic acid.
• When do cells use anaerobic respiration?

  When they do not have enough oxygen.
• What does anaerobic respiration produce and what effect can it have?

  It produces lactic acid, which can cause painful cramps in your muscles.
• During what type of exercise does anaerobic respiration occur?

  During short, intense exercise, like sprinting.
• What happens when you finish intense exercise?

  You breathe heavily, and the extra oxygen breaks down the lactic acid in the liver.
• What is the term for the extra oxygen needed to break down lactic acid?

  Oxygen debt.
• What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

  glucose — ethanol + carbon dioxide
• What is another name for the process of anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

  Fermentation.
• Does fermentation use oxygen?

  No, fermentation does not use oxygen.
• What are the reactants and products of fermentation?

  The reactant is glucose; the products are ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide.
• How can anaerobic respiration be used to make useful products?

  It can produce ethanol and carbon dioxide, which are used in various industries.
• What is yeast and what does it do?

  Yeast is a microorganism that carries out fermentation.
• How is yeast used in bread making?

  The carbon dioxide produced makes the bread rise.
• How is yeast used in beer and wine making?

  The ethanol produced makes the beer and wine alcoholic.
• What are the three types of respiration summarized in the table?

  1. Aerobic respiration
  2. Anaerobic respiration in animals
  3. Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast (fermentation)