Lipids

• What is a triglyceride?

  One glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acid molecules
• What type of bond forms between glycerol and fatty acids in a triglyceride?

  Ester bond
• Features of a saturated fat?

  • Contains maximum number of hydrogen atoms
  • Long and straight chain
  • No double bonds between carbons
  • Solid at room temperature
• Features of an unsaturated fat?

  • At least 1 double bond between carbon atoms
  • Weaker intermolecular forces
  • Liquid at room temperature
  • Becomes solid by saturating double bonds with hydrogen
• What is the name for an unsaturated fat with 1 carbon double bond?

  Monounsaturated
• What type of reaction bonds glycerol and fatty acids into a triglyceride?

  Condensation reaction
• What type of reaction breaks down ester bonds between glycerol and fatty acids in a triglyceride?

  Hydrolysis reaction
• What is cholesterol essential for?

  Cell membranes function
• What are examples of lipids in the human body?

  • Cholesterol
  • Steroid sex hormones- progesterone and testosterone
  • Growth hormones
  • Phospholipids
  • Bile salts for digestion
• What is a phospholipid?

  A triglyceride where one fatty acid is a negatively charged phosphate group
• How can lipids be made soluble in water?

  They must be combined with proteins to form lipoproteins
• How are lipids stored?

  As adipose (fat) tissue
• What does adipose tissue do?

  • Provides thermal insulation
  • Insulates nerves
  • Protects organs