Carbohydrates

• What elements make up carbohydrates?

  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Oxygen
• What is the general formula of carbohydrates?

  CnH2nOn
• What are the three types of carbohydrates?

  • Monosaccharides
  • Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
• What is a condensation reaction?

  A reaction where a water molecule is released as a byproduct
• What is a hydrolysis reaction?

  A reaction where a water particle is used to break a bond
• What bond do simple sugars form between each other?

  Glycosidic bond
• What disaccharide is formed when glucose and fructose bond?

  Sucrose
• What disaccharide is formed when glucose and galactose bond?

  Lactose
• What disaccharide is formed when glucose and glucose bond?

  Maltose
• What is the structure of alpha glucose?


  A ring of 5 carbon atoms and one oxygen atom with each carbon having one hydroxl and one hydrogen group bonded with an CH2OH bonded to one carbon
• What is starch?


  A polysaccharide
• Structure and function of amylose:

  • Polymer of alpha glucose
  • 1,4 glycosidic bonds- forms a straight chain molecule
  • Forms helical structure- ideal for compact storage of starch in plant cells
  • Insoluble
• Structure and function of amylopectin:

  • Polymer of alpha glucose
  • 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds- forms a highly branched molecule
  • Branched structure- many terminal glucose molecules ideal for rapid hydrolysis to release glucose for respiration
  • Insoluble
• Structure and function of glycogen:

  • Polymer of alpha glucose
  • 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds- highly branched structure
  • Easily hydrolysed for respiration- many terminal glucose molecules
  • No osmotic effect in cells- insoluble
  • Stored in muscles and liver