Computer Science Paper 1

• What is the term used to describe the collection of characters that can be represented in computing?

  Character set
• How does the number of bits per character relate to the number of characters that can be represented?

  More bits allow for a larger number of characters to be represented
• What does ASCII stand for?

  American Standard Code for Information Interchange
• What is Unicode?

  A character encoding standard that supports many languages and symbols
• How is an image represented in computing?

  An image is represented as a series of pixels in binary
• What is metadata in the context of images?

  Data that provides information about other data, such as image properties
• How does colour depth affect image quality?

  Higher colour depth results in better image quality
• What is the effect of resolution on image file size?

  Higher resolution typically increases the size of an image file
• What is the need for compression in digital files?

  To reduce file size for storage and transmission
• What are the two types of compression?

  • Lossy compression
  • Lossless compression
• What does LAN stand for?

  Local Area Network
• What does WAN stand for?

  Wide Area Network
• What factors can affect the performance of networks?

  Bandwidth, latency, and network congestion
• What are the different roles of computers in a client-server network?

  Clients request services, while servers provide them
• What is a peer-to-peer network?

  A network where each computer can act as both a client and a server
• What hardware is needed to connect stand-alone computers into a Local Area Network?

  Wireless access points, routers, switches, and NICs
• What does NIC stand for?

  Network Interface Controller/Card
• What is the Internet?

  A worldwide collection of interconnected computer networks
• What does DNS stand for?

  Domain Name Server
• What is hosting in the context of the Internet?

  Providing storage space for websites on a server
• What is the Cloud?

  A service that allows data storage and access over the Internet
• What are web servers and clients?

  Web servers host websites, while clients access them
• What are the two types of network topologies mentioned?

  Star and Mesh network topologies
• What is Ethernet?

  A wired connection standard for local area networks
• What is Wi-Fi?

  A wireless networking technology that allows devices to connect to the Internet
• What is Bluetooth?

  A wireless technology for short-range communication between devices
• What is encryption?

  A method of securing data by converting it into a coded format
• What is IP addressing?

  A numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network
• What is MAC addressing?

  A unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications
• What are common protocols used in networking?

  TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, POP, IMAP, SMTP
• What is TCP/IP?

  A set of communication protocols used for the Internet and similar networks
• What does HTTP stand for?

  Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
• What does HTTPS stand for?

  Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure
• What does FTP stand for?

  File Transfer Protocol
• What does POP stand for?

  Post Office Protocol
• What does IMAP stand for?

  Internet Message Access Protocol
• What does SMTP stand for?

  Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
• What is the concept of layers in networking?

  A framework that separates different functions of networking protocols
• What are some forms of attack on computer systems?

  Malware, social engineering, brute-force attacks, denial of service attacks
• What is social engineering in the context of computer security?

  A manipulation technique to trick individuals into revealing confidential information