to autumn

• the poem is in the form of an ode which is usually written in praise for something
• odes usually have ten lines whereas to autumn has elevel 


  shows the plentiful nature of autumn
• poems structure shows the passage of time
• "close bossom friend"

  exaggerates closeness reflecting the overflowing abundance in the stanza
• "moss'd cottage-trees"

  poem is rich with adjectives showing the plentiful nature of autumn
• " summer has o'er brimmed her clammy cells"


  summer is only slightly mentioned in the stanza as autumn gives more ( more abundance ) and is more important

  unpleasant adjective implying summer has supplied too much
• "while thy hook spares"


  hook and spares evolves the image of a grim reaper showing the death winter brings
• "hours by hours"


  makes the passage of time seem slow and sluggish
• "where are the songs of spring? Ay where are they?"


  repeated rhetorical questions makes the writer seem scornful of spring

  implies spring is long gone ans irrelevant
• "full grown lambs loud bleat"

  lambs are grown implying time has passes, even though it is winter they are still full of life as the lambs are bleating
• "gathering swallows"


  swallows migrate south for winter representing the end of the year. however, it isnt permenent symbolising the circle of life