Biodiversity

• What is biodiversity?

  It refers to the variety of species in a habitat.
• What does the term 'species' refer to in ecology?

  It refers to the range of species found in a habitat.
• Give an example of a species.

  Pines
• What is a community in ecological terms?

  All organisms of all species that live in a habitat.
• What is a habitat?

  A place where an organism lives.
• What is a hedgerow?

  A line of closely spaced shrubs and trees.
• What is species richness?

  The number of different species present in a community.
• What is the species richness shown by the table provided?

  • The species richness is four.
• How is the Index of Biodiversity calculated?

  It is calculated using the number of species and the number of individuals of each species.
• What is the formula for the Index of Biodiversity?

  $Index of Biodiversity =$$\frac{N(N-1)}{\Sigma n(n-1)}$
• What do the variables N and n represent in the Index of Biodiversity formula?

  N is the total number of organisms of all species, and n is the total number of organisms of each species.
• What does higher biodiversity indicate about a habitat?

  It indicates a more stable habitat.
• What does lower biodiversity indicate about a habitat?

  It indicates a less stable habitat.
• How does a growing population impact biodiversity?

  It increases demand for crops, space for housing, and business, leading to habitat destruction.
• Why is the diversity index lower in agricultural ecosystems compared to natural ecosystems?

  Because only one crop species is grown on a large scale.
• What are the effects of agriculture on biodiversity?

  • Reduces number of trees
  • Reduces variety of habitats
  • Reduces variety of food sources
  • Animals migrate or die
  • Reduces biodiversity
• What is deforestation?

  It is the clearance of native forests by logging or burning.
• What are the reasons for deforestation?

  To use trees as fuel or wood-based products and to increase space for crops or farming animals.
• What is monoculture in agriculture?

  It is the practice of growing only one species of crop over a large area.
• What are the economic reasons for maintaining biodiversity?

  • Prevents biodiversity reduction
  • Prevents extinction of species
  • Supports tourism
  • Enhances agriculture
  • Provides resources for local communities
• How does maintaining biodiversity benefit local communities?

  It provides resources and supports sustainable practices.
• What is the impact of unwanted plants on biodiversity?

  They reduce the number of organisms and biodiversity.
• How do animals migrating affect biodiversity?

  It can lead to a reduction in biodiversity in the original habitat.
• What is the relationship between biodiversity and food sources?

  Higher biodiversity provides a greater variety of food sources.
• How does habitat variety relate to biodiversity?

  More habitat variety leads to higher biodiversity.
• What is the consequence of reduced biodiversity?

  It can lead to ecosystem instability and species extinction.
• Why is it important to prevent biodiversity reduction?

  To maintain ecosystem stability and prevent species extinction.
• How does tourism relate to biodiversity?

  Tourism can promote conservation efforts and awareness of biodiversity.
• How can agriculture impact local forest communities?

  It can lead to habitat destruction and loss of resources.
• What role do plants play in maintaining biodiversity?

  Plants provide food and habitat for various organisms.
• How does the extinction of species affect ecosystems?

  It disrupts the balance and functioning of ecosystems.
• What is the significance of preserving native forests?

  It helps maintain biodiversity and ecosystem stability.
• How does biodiversity contribute to ecosystem services?

  Biodiversity enhances ecosystem services such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and water purification.