The Reproductive System

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Les

Cards (62)

What is the term for a cell with two sets of chromosomes?
Diploid
What is the term for a cell with one set of chromosomes?
Haploid
What process results in the formation of haploid gametes from diploid cells?
Meiosis
What are the male and female reproductive organs that produce gametes called?
Gonads
What are the male gametes called?
Sperm
What are the female gametes called?
Oocytes
What is formed when a sperm fertilizes an oocyte?
Zygote
What is the process called when a sperm and oocyte join?
Fertilization
What is the pathway of sperm through the male reproductive system?
Produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes
Matures in the epididymis
Transported by the vas deferens during ejaculation
Mixed with seminal fluid in the ejaculatory duct
Exits through the urethra
Where is sperm produced in the male reproductive system?
In the seminiferous tubules of the testes
Where does sperm mature?
In the epididymis
What is the role of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?
It transports mature sperm during ejaculation
What components make up semen?
Sperm mixed with fluid from the seminal vesicles and prostate
What hormone do the testes produce?
Testosterone
What is the function of testosterone in males?
It promotes spermatogenesis and secondary sex characteristics
What hormones do the ovaries produce?
Estrogen and progesterone
What is the pathway of oocytes through the female reproductive system?
Oocytes develop in the ovaries
Released during ovulation
Travel through the uterine tubes
Fertilization occurs in the distal uterine tube
Implantation in the uterus if fertilized
What is oogenesis?
The process of oocyte development into an ovum
How does oogenesis differ from spermatogenesis?
Oogenesis produces one ovum and polar bodies, while spermatogenesis produces four sperm
What role does GnRH play in the female reproductive system?
It activates the anterior pituitary to produce LH and FSH
What does LH do in the female reproductive system?
It stimulates the production of estrogen and triggers ovulation
What is the function of FSH in the female reproductive system?
It stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles
What is the role of estrogen in the female reproductive system?
It regulates the menstrual cycle and supports the development of female characteristics
What is the role of progesterone in the female reproductive system?
It prepares the uterus for implantation of a zygote
What are the stages of the ovarian cycle?
Follicular phase
Ovulation
Luteal phase
What happens during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
The endometrium starts to form again as estrogen is produced
What triggers ovulation in the menstrual cycle?
The LH surge
What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur?
It turns into the corpus albicans and stops progesterone secretion
What is the role of the fimbriae in the female reproductive system?
They grab ovulated oocytes
They guide oocytes into the uterine tubes
What is the function of the cervix?
It connects the uterus to the vagina
What is the role of the vagina in the female reproductive system?
It serves as the entrance to the reproductive tract
What is the significance of the hymen?
It partially spans the vaginal opening and can be ruptured
What is the role of beneficial bacteria in the vagina?
They secrete lactic acid to protect against pathogens
What is the pH level maintained in the vagina?
Below 4.5 (acidic)
What is the process of folliculogenesis?
Maturation of follicles
Stages: primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary
What happens to the follicle after ovulation?
It develops into the corpus luteum
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the female reproductive system?
It regulates the ovarian cycle and ovulation
What hormone levels drive the menstrual cycle?
Estrogen and progesterone
What occurs during menses in the menstrual cycle?
The endometrial tissue is shed
What happens during the secretion phase of the menstrual cycle?
The corpus luteum secretes progesterone