active tranport

• What process allows substances to be absorbed against a concentration gradient?

  Active transport
• How does active transport differ from diffusion?

  Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient, while diffusion moves them down the gradient
• What is required for active transport to occur?

  Energy from respiration
• What is a concentration gradient?

  A concentration gradient is the difference in concentration of particles between two areas
• In which part of the human body is active transport used to absorb sugars like glucose?

  In the cells lining the small intestine
• Why can't sugars diffuse into the cell from the lumen of the small intestine?

  Because the concentration of sugars is higher inside the cell than in the lumen
• What role do mitochondria play in active transport?

  Mitochondria provide the energy needed for active transport
• What ions do root hair cells transport into plants using active transport?

  Magnesium ions
• Why do plants need magnesium ions?

  To make chlorophyll in the leaves
• Where is the concentration of ions lower when root hair cells absorb them?

  In the soil
• How are ions transported after being absorbed by root hair cells?

  They are transported to the xylem vessels and moved to the leaves
• What is the lumen in the context of the small intestine?

  The cavity where food is digested
• What are the key differences between active transport and diffusion?

  • Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient
  • Diffusion moves substances down the concentration gradient
  • Active transport requires energy from respiration
  • Diffusion does not require energy
• What are the examples of active transport in animals and plants?

  • In animals: Absorption of glucose in the small intestine
  • In plants: Transport of magnesium ions into root hair cells