pathogens

• What is meant by a pathogen?

  A pathogen is a microorganism that causes infectious disease.
• What are the main types of pathogens discussed in the video?

  The main types of pathogens are bacteria and viruses.
• How do bacteria cause illness?

  Bacteria reproduce rapidly and release harmful chemicals called toxins.
• How often can bacteria divide under ideal conditions?

  Bacteria can divide every 20 minutes.
• What is the role of toxins released by bacteria?

  Toxins damage tissues and make us feel ill.
• What is the virus mentioned in the video that can lead to AIDS?

  The virus is HIV.
• How do viruses reproduce?

  Viruses can only reproduce inside a host cell.
• What happens to a host cell when a virus reproduces inside it?

  The host cell can burst open and die when the virus leaves.
• What are the three ways pathogens are spread?

  Pathogens are spread through the air, direct contact, and contaminated water.
• What is an example of a disease spread through air droplets?

  An example is influenza.
• How is cholera spread?

  Cholera is spread when drinking water polluted by sewage.
• How can HIV be spread?

  HIV can be spread by sharing infected needles and sexual contact.
• What are some ways to reduce the spread of pathogens?

  • Practicing basic hygiene (e.g., washing hands)
  • Providing clean drinking water
  • Reducing direct contact (e.g., using condoms)
  • Isolating patients with highly infectious diseases
  • Vaccination
• Why is washing hands important in preventing the spread of pathogens?

  Washing hands helps to remove pathogens and prevent infection.
• What substance is added to drinking water in the UK to kill microorganisms?

  Chlorine is added to drinking water.
• How does using a condom reduce the spread of HIV?

  Using a condom reduces direct contact during sexual intercourse.
• What is the purpose of isolating patients with highly infectious diseases like Ebola?

  Isolation prevents the pathogen from spreading to other people.
• What is one method of reducing the spread of pathogens mentioned in the video?

  Vaccination is a method to reduce the spread of pathogens.
• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?

  You should be able to describe pathogens, how they cause illness, and how to reduce their spread.