thermodynamic systems

• momentum

  A) p=mv

  
• Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that studies energy and its transformations in various systems, including solids, liquids, gases, and other forms of matter.
• System refers to the specific part of the universe being studied or analyzed. It is the region or volume of space that is defined by a boundary, which separates it from the surroundings
• Surroundings refer to everything outside of the system that can potentially interact with it, including the environment, other objects, and any other energy or matter that may be present. The surroundings are everything that is not part of the system.
• OPEN SYSTEM - an open system can exchange both energies

  and matter with its surroundings. The

  stove top example would be an open system,

  because heat and water vapor can be lost to

  the air.
• CLOSED SYSTEM - In thermodynamics, a closed system can

  exchange energy (as heat or work) but not matter, with its surroundings.
• ISOLATED SYSTEM - a system that cannot exchange matter or

  energy with the surroundings.
• Static equilibrium takes place when all the

  forces acting on an object or system are

  balanced and the object is not in motion in

  relation to the relative plane.
• An object which is in static equilibrium is unable to

  move. This is because all the forces which

  act on it compensate for one another.
• Conditions to consider if a system is in static equilibrium:

  Fnet = 0 - The net force must be zero

  Fx and ∑Fy = 0 - The sum of all forces on x

  and y component must be zero

  ∑T = 0 - The sum of all torques must be zero
• TORQUE - is a measure of the force that can cause an object to rotate

  about an axis.
• Just as force is what

  causes an object to

  accelerate in linear

  kinematics, torque is

  what causes an object to

  acquire angular

  acceleration. Torque is

  a vector quantity.
• Angular momentum is a measure of how much motion an object has as it rotates around a point or axis. It’s similar to linear momentum, which measures the motion of an object moving in a straight line.
• Angular momentum (often represented by L) is defined as the product of an object's moment of inertia and its angular velocity. It tells us how difficult it is to stop the object from spinning.