Human geo vocab Notecard 3

• What is culture?


  The beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technologies shared by a society.
• How is culture transmitted?


  Culture is passed down from generation to generation.
• What is cultural relativism?


  The evaluation of a culture by its own standards.
• What is an example of cultural relativism?


  Wisconsinites celebrated an executive order designating the second Monday in October as Indigenous Peoples' Day instead of Columbus Day.
• What is ethnocentrism?


  The tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to preconceived ideas originating from their own culture.
• What belief may result from profound ethnocentrism?


  The belief that one's own cultural group is superior.
• What can result from the belief in cultural superiority?


  Overt or clear discrimination against other groups.
• What is a cultural trait?


  A shared object or cultural practice.
• What is an example of a cultural trait related to Muslim women?


  Wearing a hijab in public.
• How can greetings vary as a cultural trait?


  A handshake may be acceptable in one group but not in another.
• What is a cultural landscape?


  A natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values.
• What is an example of a cultural landscape?


  Shiroyone Senmaida rice paddies in Japan.
• What is sequent occupance?


  The concept that successive societies leave behind their cultural imprint in a geographic region.
• What does sequent occupance reveal about human character?


  It provides a collection of evidence about human character and experiences within a geographic region.
• Which city is an example of sequent occupance?


  New Orleans, Louisiana.
• How does New Orleans reflect sequent occupance?


  Its landscape reflects numerous cultures that have shaped the city over time.
• What is a sense of place?


  The subjective feelings and memories people associate with a geographic location.
• How can hearing new stories about your childhood home affect your sense of place?


  It may add new dimensions to your sense of place for that home.
• Can fictional stories contribute to a sense of place?


  Yes, fictional stories associated with a location can contribute to a sense of place.
• What is relocation diffusion?


  The spread of cultural traits or ideas through the movement, or relocation, of people—either individuals or groups.
• What historical event is an example of relocation diffusion?


  Beginning in the late 15th century, as Europeans moved to the Americas, they brought aspects of their culture with them.
• What languages spoken in North and South America are a result of relocation diffusion?


  Spanish, English, Portuguese, and French.
• What is expansion diffusion?


  The spread of a cultural trait outward from where it originated.
• Can you give an example of expansion diffusion?


  The spread of a viral video online.
• How does a viral video exemplify expansion diffusion?


  It rapidly moves from person to person through social media, reaching a large area without the people physically relocating.
• What is contagious diffusion?


  The process by which an idea or cultural trait spreads rapidly among people of all social classes and levels of power.
• What is an example of contagious diffusion?


  An outbreak of a disease spreading through direct person-to-person contact.
• How can slang words spread through contagious diffusion?


  A new slang word spreads through a school or workplace as more students or workers hear it from friends and begin using it themselves.
• What is hierarchical diffusion?


  The spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places.
• Give an example of hierarchical diffusion.


  A new fashion trend starting when a popular celebrity introduces a clothing style.
• What is stimulus diffusion?


  The process by which a cultural trait or idea spreads to another culture or region but is modified to adapt to the new culture.
• Who announced in 2014 that anyone could freely use Tesla's patents?


  Elon Musk
• What type of cars does Tesla manufacture?


  Electric cars
• What was Elon Musk's hope for allowing free use of Tesla's patents?


  To trigger innovations that would make electric cars better and more popular, fighting climate change.
• What is a cultural hearth?


  An area where cultural traits develop and from which cultural traits diffuse.
• Give an example of a modern cultural hearth.


  New York City, London, or Tokyo.
• What influences do modern cultural hearths have?


  They influence global fashion, media, and technology.
• Centripetal forces


  A force that unites a group of people. Ex. A common language
• What are centrifugal forces?


  Forces that divide a group of people.
• What is an example of a multinational state that experienced centrifugal forces?


  The former Soviet Union, which broke up into 15 independent countries.