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History vocab
Human geo vocab Notecard 3
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What is
culture
?
The beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and
technologies
shared by a society.
How is culture
transmitted
?
Culture is passed down from
generation
to generation.
What is
cultural relativism
?
The
evaluation
of a culture by its own standards.
What is an example of
cultural relativism
?
Wisconsinites celebrated an executive order designating the second Monday in October as
Indigenous Peoples' Day
instead of
Columbus Day
.
What is
ethnocentrism
?
The tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to
preconceived
ideas originating from their own culture.
What belief may result from profound
ethnocentrism
?
The belief that one's own cultural group is
superior
.
What can result from the belief in
cultural superiority
?
Overt or clear
discrimination
against other groups.
What is a
cultural trait
?
A shared object or cultural
practice
.
What is an example of a cultural trait related to
Muslim women
?
Wearing a
hijab
in public.
How can
greetings
vary as a cultural trait?
A
handshake
may be acceptable in one group but not in another.
What is a
cultural landscape
?
A
natural landscape
that has been modified by humans, reflecting their
cultural beliefs
and values.
What is an example of a
cultural landscape
?
Shiroyone Senmaida
rice paddies in Japan.
What is
sequent occupance
?
The concept that successive societies leave behind their
cultural
imprint in a geographic region.
What does
sequent occupance
reveal about
human character
?
It provides a collection of evidence about human character and experiences within a geographic region.
Which city is an example of
sequent occupance
?
New Orleans
, Louisiana.
How does
New Orleans
reflect
sequent occupance
?
Its landscape reflects numerous
cultures
that have shaped the city over time.
What is a
sense of place
?
The
subjective
feelings and memories people associate with a geographic location.
How can hearing new stories about your
childhood home
affect your
sense of place
?
It may add new dimensions to your sense of place for that home.
Can
fictional stories
contribute to a sense of place?
Yes, fictional stories associated with a
location
can contribute to a sense of place.
What is
relocation diffusion
?
The spread of
cultural traits
or ideas through the movement, or relocation, of people—either
individuals
or groups.
What historical event is an example of
relocation diffusion
?
Beginning in the late
15th century
, as Europeans moved to the Americas, they brought aspects of their culture with them.
What languages spoken in
North and South America
are a result of
relocation diffusion
?
Spanish
,
English
,
Portuguese
, and
French
.
What is
expansion diffusion
?
The spread of a
cultural trait
outward from where it originated.
Can you give an example of
expansion diffusion
?
The spread of a
viral
video online.
How does a
viral video
exemplify
expansion diffusion
?
It rapidly moves from person to person through
social media
, reaching a large area without the people physically relocating.
What is
contagious diffusion
?
The process by which an idea or cultural trait spreads rapidly among people of all
social classes
and levels of power.
What is an example of
contagious diffusion
?
An outbreak of a
disease
spreading through direct person-to-person contact.
How can
slang words
spread through
contagious diffusion
?
A new slang word spreads through a
school
or workplace as more students or workers hear it from friends and begin using it themselves.
What is
hierarchical diffusion
?
The spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power or
authority
to other people or places.
Give an example of hierarchical
diffusion
.
A new fashion trend starting when a popular
celebrity
introduces a clothing style.
What is
stimulus diffusion
?
The process by which a
cultural trait
or idea spreads to another culture or
region
but is modified to adapt to the new culture.
Who announced in
2014
that anyone could freely use Tesla's patents?
Elon Musk
What type of cars does
Tesla
manufacture?
Electric cars
What was
Elon Musk's
hope for allowing free use of
Tesla's
patents?
To trigger innovations that would make electric cars better and more popular, fighting
climate change
.
What is a
cultural hearth
?
An area where
cultural traits
develop and from which cultural traits diffuse.
Give an example of a modern
cultural hearth
.
New York City
, London, or
Tokyo
.
What influences do modern
cultural hearths
have?
They influence
global
fashion, media, and technology.
Centripetal forces
A force that unites a group of people. Ex. A
common
language
What are
centrifugal forces
?
Forces that
divide
a group of people.
What is an example of a multinational state that experienced
centrifugal forces
?
The former
Soviet Union
, which broke up into 15
independent
countries.
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