carbohydrates

• what are carbohydrates


  organic compounds
• what three elements are carbohydrates made of

  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• what are the two main functions of carbohydrates


  source of energy for respiration , to play a structural role
• in what ways do carbohydrates play a structural role


  in cellulose in cell walls or chitin in insects exoskeletons
• what are the three carbohydrate catagories


  monosaccaride disaccarides and polysaccarides
• what is meant by 1)monosaccaride 2)disaccarides and 3)polysaccaride


  1) simple sugars on their own 2) two simple sugars 3) three or more simple sugars
• what bonds the simple sugars together in carbohydrates such as polysaccarides


  glycosidic bonds
• What is a monosaccharide?


  a single sugar molecule
• what is a monosaccaride with 3 carbon atoms called


  triose
• What is a monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms called


  pentose
• What is a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms called


  hexose
• what is the chemical formula for monosaccrarides


  (CH2O)n
• what does n mean in the chemical formula of monasaccarides


  the amount of carbon atoms
• what does a closed-ring glucose look like

  
• what does open chain glucose look like

  
• what is the difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose


  in alpha the hydroxide is on the bottom and in beta the hydroxide is on the top
• how do you remeber the differnce between beta glucose an dalpha glucose


  abba ( alpha below beta above)
• what is a isomer


  molecules with the same chemical formula but with a different structure
• what is the name of the reaction that joins two or more glucose monosaccrides together


  a condensation reaction
• finish the formula - glucose + fructrose =


  sucrose
• finish the formula - glucose + glucose =


  maltose
• finish the formula - glucose + galactose


  lactose
• what is the bi product of a condensation reaction


  water
• what are the two types of polysaccarides


  storage and structural
• list examples of storage polysaccarides


  starch , amylose , amylopectin and glycogen
• list examples of structural polysaccarides


  cellulose and chitin
• what is amylose


  a linear glucose chain coiled into a helical shape
• what polysaccarides are starch made of


  amylose and amylopectin
• what are the properties of glucose


  soluble , compact, easily hydrolysed
• what bonds does amylose form


  1-4 glycosidic
• what bonds does amylopectin form


  1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic
• what are the properties of amylose


  insoluble and compact
• what are the properties of amylopectin


  insoluble and easily hydrolysed
• what is amylopectin


  a branched polysaccaride
• what is glycogen


  a storage polysaccharide in animals
• what has more branched connections amylopectin or glycogen


  glycogen
• what are the properties of glycogen


  insoluble(no osmotic effect) compact and easily hydrolysed
• what bonds does glycogen have


  1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic
• what is chitin


  a structural polysaccharide in exoskeletons in insects arachnids and arthroscopes
• what do chains of glucose and chitin join together to form


  micro fibrils