Humanistic

• What is known as the third force in psychology?

  Humanistic psychology
• How does humanistic psychology differ from behavioral and psychodynamic approaches?

  It emphasizes subjective experience and individual agency

  
• Who are the key figures associated with the humanistic approach?

  Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
• What is the person-centred approach in psychology?

  It focuses on the study of subjective experience
• What is the main emphasis of humanism regarding human behavior?

  On an individual's ability to freely choose their behavior
• What does the idiographic approach in psychology focus on?

  Studying individuals as unique entities

  
• Why is a holistic approach important in humanistic psychology?

  It considers the whole person rather than reducing them to parts
• What is self-actualization?

  The desire to grow psychologically and fulfill one's potential
• How did Maslow measure self-actualization?

  Through the concept of peak experiences
• What is the nature of self-actualization according to Maslow?

  It is a continual process of becoming

  
• What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs represent?

  A pyramid of human needs from basic to advanced

  
• What must happen for a person to move up Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

  Each level must be fulfilled before moving up

  
• How does Maslow describe deficiency needs?

  They arise due to deprivation and motivate when unmet
• What are growth needs according to Maslow?

  Needs stemming from a desire to grow as a person
• What did Carl Rogers believe individuals strive for?

  To achieve their ideal selves
• What is the perceived self in Rogers' theory?

  How we see ourselves as a person
• What does the ideal self consist of?

  Our goals and ambitions in life
• How does self-worth develop according to Rogers?

  From early childhood interactions with parents
• What is congruence in Rogers' theory?

  The alignment between perceived self and ideal self

  
• What happens when there is incongruence?

  Self-actualization becomes impossible due to negative self-worth

  
• What is unconditional positive regard?

  Acceptance and love regardless of behavior
• How does conditional positive regard differ from unconditional positive regard?

  It depends on the individual's behavior to receive approval
• What are conditions of worth?

  Perceived conditions set by significant others for acceptance
• What did Rogers claim about a person's problems?

  They are a direct result of their conditions of worth
• What is the goal of Roger's client-centred therapy?

  To help individuals solve their own problems constructively
• What are the key concepts of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

  • Physiological needs (basic survival)
  • Safety needs (security)
  • Love and belonging (social connections)
  • Esteem needs (self-respect and recognition)
  • Self-actualization (fulfilling potential)

  
• What are the differences between unconditional and conditional positive regard?

  Unconditional Positive Regard:

  • Acceptance regardless of behavior
  • Encourages exploration and growth

  
  

  Conditional Positive Regard:

  • Acceptance based on meeting certain conditions
  • Can lead to conditions of worth and hinder self-actualization
• What are the implications of incongruence on self-actualization?

  • Incongruence leads to negative self-worth
  • Hinders the ability to achieve self-actualization
  • Most individuals experience some degree of incongruence