Country’s before War

• What were the political systems of the countries before the war?

  • Germany: Democratic monarchy (Kaiser Wilhelm II)
  • France: Republic (President Raymond Poincaré)
  • Britain: Parliamentary democracy (King George V)
  • Austro-Hungary: Dual monarchy (Franz Joseph, but ineffective)
  • Russia: Tsarist monarchy (Tsar Nicholas II, restrictive)
  • Turkey: Sultanate (Sultan Mehmed V, crumbling empire)
• What was the political system of Germany before the war?

  Democratic monarchy under Kaiser Wilhelm II
• Who was the leader of France before the war?

  President Raymond Poincaré
• What type of government did Britain have before the war?

  Parliamentary democracy under King George V
• What was the political system of Austro-Hungary before the war?

  Dual monarchy under Franz Joseph, but ineffective
• Who was the leader of Russia before the war?

  Tsar Nicholas II
• What was the political system of Turkey before the war?

  Sultanate under Sultan Mehmed V
• What were the economic causes of conflict before the war?

  • Strong agricultural bases and large gold reserves
  • Shift to industrialization
  • Decline of Germany and the US
  • Stretched resources and slow economic growth
  • Collapse of empires and many problems
• What was the social-economic situation before the war?

  There was slight tension between classes, but few problems overall
• What was the main division in society before the war?

  Broadly split between patriots and radicals
• What caused tension between classes before the war?

  The government did not perform well
• What was the impact of the waning empire on society?

  It led to a lack of cohesion due to many different nationalities
• What were the foreign policy goals of the countries before the war?

  • Germany's Weltpolitik aimed for a larger overseas empire
  • Desire for more power despite being a powerful empire
  • Tension with Russia over the Indian trade route
  • Unhappiness and protests indicated a loss of power
• What was the state of the Turkish empire before the war?

  It was described as a crumbling empire, often referred to as the 'sick man of Europe'
• What was the significance of the conflicts involving Britain, Germany, and Italy?

  They added anxiety and pressed for rivalry among empires
• What were the social tensions in Turkey before the war?

  • Large Muslim-Christian tensions
  • Conflicts between Slaves and Turks
  • Tensions between Europeans and Turks
• What was the overall economic condition before the war?

  The economy was poor with many problems and slow growth
• How did the political systems of the countries contribute to the tensions before the war?

  Different political systems created rivalries and conflicts among nations
• What role did economic factors play in the tensions leading up to the war?

  Economic decline and resource stretching contributed to rising tensions
• How did social divisions affect the political landscape before the war?

  Social divisions led to a lack of cohesion and increased tensions among different groups
• What was the significance of the term 'sick man of Europe' in relation to Turkey?

  It indicated Turkey's declining power and crumbling empire
• How did the desire for empires influence the foreign policies of the countries involved?

  It led to aggressive policies and conflicts over territories
• What was the relationship between economic conditions and social tensions before the war?

  Poor economic conditions exacerbated social tensions and class divides
• How did the political ineffectiveness of Austro-Hungary contribute to tensions?

  It created instability and dissatisfaction among its diverse nationalities
• What was the impact of the protests in Turkey on its political power?

  They indicated a loss of power and dissatisfaction among the populace