Lecture 5: Metabilism, Balance, & Thermoregulation

• Piscivore: A carnivore that eats live fish. Most oceanic predators are of this variety
• What is an example of a Piscivore?

  Northern Pike
• Herbivore: Feeds on living plants, including algal feeders
• What is an example of a herbivore?

  Parrotfish
• Omnivore: Feeds on a mixture of plant and animal tissue
• What is an example of an omnivore?

  Common carp
• Detritivore: Consumes dead/decaying material. Most are not obligate and feed on any organic matter they can get
• What is an example of a detritivore?

  Panaque
• Euryphagous: Having a mixed diet. Most are carnivores
• What is an example of a euryphagous fish?

  Lionfish
• Stenophagous: Eating a limited assortment of food. Think of this like a picky eater
• What is an example of a stenophagous fish?

  Caroline's parrotfish
• Monophagous: Specializing on one food. This is typically a temporary state
• What is an example of a temporary monophagic fish?

  Spring Cave Fish
• Suction Feeding: When fish throw their jaw forward and make a partial vacuum to create a water current and catch prey
• Ram Feeding: Fish opens its mouth and swims forward so that its body overtakes its prey item
• Manipulation Feeding: When fish bite, chew, or otherwise manipulate their jaw to catch and consume a prey item
• Ram-Suspension Feeding: When a fish swims forward and passively filter feeds
• Pump-suspension feeding: When fish branchial pump in order to grab things. This is an alternative type of filter feeding
• What is an example of a fish that feeds using suction feeding?

  Nurse shark
• What is a fish that feeds using ram feeding?

  Baracuda
• What is a fish that feeds using manipulation feeding?

  Parrotfish
• What is an example of a fish that feeds using ram-suspension feeding?

  Basking shark
• What is an example of a fish that feeds using pump-suspension feeding?

  Sacramento blackfish
• What body parts make up the alimentary canal in fish?

  Mouth

  Buccal Cavity

  Esophagus

  Stomach

  Intestine

  Pyloric caeca (if present)

  Rectum
• True teeth first evolved in Chondrichthyes
• What are the three kinds of teeth in bony fish?

  Jaw teeth

  Mouth teeth

  Pharyngeal teeth
• What are the types of teeth a fish can have?

  Incisor

  Molar

  Canine

  Daggar

  Fang

  Spherical
• Pharyngeal teeth are common in many derived bony fish and are located in the pharyngeal arch and are used for feeding.
• What is another use for pharyngeal teeth other than eating?

  Producing sounds
• How do pharyngeal teeth allow fish like grunts to produce sound?

  Their more advanced muscles for prey processing allow them more sound making ability which can be amplified by their swim bladder
• Gill Rakers: Specialized bony or cartilaginous structures in the gill arch that function in feeding since food passes the gill structures before entering the stomach
• What is the purpose of gill rakers?

  To prevent food from escaping out the gills
• Gill raker morphology depends on feeding and food type
• What does a fish with this type of gill raker eat?

  Plankton

  
• What does a fish with this type of gill raker eat?

  Plankton

  
• What does a fish with this type of gill raker eat?

  Fish

  
• Some fish have gizzards that manually break down their food
• What is a gizzard?

  Modified stomach
• What is a fish with a longer gut more likely to consume?

  Plant material

  Detritis