AO1

• What is universality?


  The concept that something applies to all people or things.
• What is gender bias?


  The difference treatment and/or representation of males and females based on stereotypical and not real differences
• What is alpha bias?


  Theories that exaggerate the differences between males and females
• What is beta bias?

  Theories which minimises the differences between males and females
• What is androcentrism?


  Male centred, when ‘normal’ behaviour is judged according to a male standard (e.g. diagnosis of schizophrenia)
• What is gynocentrism?


  Female centred conclusions (e.g. attachment theory)