theme 1

• What does the term "retail" refer to?

  Shopping
• Why would a pair of shoes have a larger range compared to a bar of chocolate?

  Because shoes are more expensive items that are bought less frequently, leading to more comparison.
• What are convenience goods?

  Low-cost items bought frequently, like bread and milk.
• Why is there no real benefit in shopping around for convenience goods?

  Because these items are relatively cheap and bought frequently.
• What are comparison goods?

  More expensive items that customers buy less often, like TVs and sofas.
• What is a catchment area?

  The area from which a shop gets its customers.
• How does the catchment area of a newsagent compare to that of a large chain store like Debenhams?

  A newsagent has a small catchment area, while Debenhams has a larger catchment area due to selling comparison goods.
• What is the threshold population?

  The minimum population size needed to support a retail outlet.
• Which types of shops have low threshold populations?


  Newsagents, butchers, and grocery shops.
• Which types of shops have large threshold populations?


  Chain stores such as H&M and Primark.
• Where are shops mainly selling comparison goods typically located?

  In CBDs, shopping malls, and high streets.
• What types of goods do small convenience stores in suburbs primarily sell?

  Mainly low order, convenience goods.
• What is typically found in out-of-town developments?

  Retail parks with a few large stores.
• Why do CBDs attract a large footfall?

  They are easily accessible by public transport.
• What are the advantages of shopping malls?

  Easy shopping in all weather and access for disabled individuals.
• What is a disadvantage of retail parks?

  They can be difficult to reach without a car.
• What types of items can be bought online?

  Physical items like clothes and services like booking a table.
• What was the percentage increase of adults buying goods online from 2008 to 2014?

  From 53% to 74%.
• Why has online retail grown rapidly?

  People can order products anytime, and it allows easy comparison of multiple shops.
• What are some impacts of online shopping?

  Less time used, increased profits for online shops, and less air pollution from fewer cars on the road.
• What percentage of shops were empty on the high street during 2015?

  1 in 8 shops were empty.
• What are some reasons for the decline of the high street?

  Convenience of online shopping and the success of large out-of-town retail parks.
• How are the types of shops and services changing on the high street?

  Factory outlets and charity shops are replacing closed shops, while others remain empty.
• What strategies have town planners used to attract shoppers back to the high street?

  Creating park and ride schemes and allowing pop-up shops in vacant spaces.
• What is leisure defined as?

  A leisure time activity undertaken voluntarily and for enjoyment.
• What are the categories of leisure activity?

  Sport, physical recreation, places of worship, food and drink, countryside recreation, arts, and entertainment.
• What has contributed to the growth of leisure and tourism in the UK?

  More wealth, paid time off for holidays, and greater awareness of places to visit.
• How does car ownership affect leisure activities?

  It provides greater freedom to choose when and where to spend time.
• Why do some people have better access to leisure facilities than others?

  Wealthier individuals can afford entrance fees and travel, while city dwellers benefit from clustered facilities.
• What are some advantages of Preston Park for leisure users?

  Most facilities are free to use and it is easily accessible by public transport.
• What are some disadvantages of Preston Park for local residents?

  Air pollution from vehicles and noise pollution from events.
• How do leisure activities benefit local areas?

  They provide facilities for locals and create jobs, resulting in more tax revenue for local councils.
• What is a honeypot site?

  A place of special interest that attracts many tourists and is often congested at peak times.
• What problems are created at natural honeypot sites?

  Noise pollution, litter, air pollution, and car congestion.
• What conflicts can arise from tourism and leisure activities?

  Visitors may cause noise and air pollution while wanting to access natural areas, leading to environmental damage.
• What is the positive multiplier effect?

  Where a successful business or attraction results in nearby businesses benefitting and expanding.
• What are some management strategies for tourist activities in natural areas?

  Tree screens around car parks to limit visual pollution and managing footpath erosion.
• What problems are caused by footpath erosion in natural areas?

  Grasses die, creating muddy areas and leading to wider footpaths over time.
• What are examples of National Parks in the UK?

  South Downs and the Peak District.
• What are the aims of National Parks?

  To conserve natural beauty, promote public enjoyment, and foster community well-being.