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chapter 6-genetics
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Cards (36)
What is a
genome
?
the entire
genetic
material of that organism
What is the
chemical
called that makes up our chromosomes?
DNA
What is a
gene
?
A short section of
DNA
that contains the instructions for one characteristic of an organism.
Where are genes located on a chromosome pair?
Loci
How many copies of a
gene
does an
organism
have?
Two
What are two structures of human cells that contain DNA?
Nucleus
and
mitochondria
Give an advantage to a bacterium of having one or more
plasmids
.
Help the survival of the organism, like in
antibiotic
resistance
Why do
plasmids
not contribute to the
species
of
bacterium?
They are made from
DNA
What is the
difference
between a
gene,
DNA
and a
chromosome?
Gene: Unit of heredity. DNA: Molecule that carries genetic information. Chromosome: Structure containing DNA.
How might the
HGP
help in the way we deal with human diseases?
Genetic testing
,
personalized medicine
.
What is the
HGP
?
Human Genome Project
Name one condition resulting from a
defective
single gene
Cystic fibrosis
How might
understanding
of
genes lead to personalised
medicine?
Can
recommend
better
preventative
medicine.
Identify
the
targets
of
drugs
more
effectively.
Tailor
healthcare
to
the
individual
What percentage of our
genome
is made up of
genes
that code for
proteins
?
Approximately
1.5%
What is the one
function
of the
non-coding regions
of our DNA?
Regulation
How are
genes
expressed in a muscle cell, for example?
Transcription
and
translation
.
What were the sources of DNA analysed in the first phase of the Genographic Project?
The
Y-chromosomes
Why is
representative
sampling
important
in a project like the Genographic?
Little
information
would
be
gained
if
whole
populations
were
exclude.
What
ethical
concerns
were there about collection of DNA data from populations across the world?
The data collected could find its way into the hands of medical and be
exploited
What is the name given to the structure of the DNA molecule?
Double
helix
Describe the shape of the
DNA
molecule
A ladder that has been
twisted
Name the
4
bases
that make up the genetic code and pair them correctly
A
and
T
C
and
G
How many
nucleotides
are there?
Four
How is the
structure
of
protein
determined?
Sequence
of
base
pairs
in
a
gene
that
provides
the
code
for
the
cell
to
build
a
protein
Name 3 types of
protein
Insulin
Keratin
Amylase
How many different types of
amino acids
are found in
proteins
?
20
How many
base
letters
code for an
amino
acid
?
Three
Where are
amino
acids
assembled
into
proteins?
Ribosomes
Why does a protein chain fold immediately after synthesis?
Different
amino
acids
in
the
chain
are
attracted
to
each
other
,
while
others
repel
What holds the
protein
structure together?
Intermolecular forces
What is a
mutation?
When
DNA
within
cells
has
been
changed.
When can
mutations
be beneficial?
If
the
cells
have
changed
as
a
result
of
chemicals
or
radiation.
Or
for
survival
of
animals
Name two types of mutation
point
mutations
frameshift
mutations
Why don’t all mutations lead to change in protein?
The
other
copy
of
the
gene
may
be
normal,
so
protein
can
be
produced
as
normal.
What are
pros
of
embryos
screening?
Reduce overall
suffering
Save
money
What are negatives of embryos screening?
Implies
people
with
genetic
disorder
are
undesirable.
Future
screening
for
other
traits.