history elizabethan

• What are the key topics covered in the Early Elizabethan England Revision Guide?

  Queen, government and religion, challenges to Elizabeth, and Elizabethan society
• What was the state of England when Elizabeth became Queen?

  England was violent and dangerous with no police force or army
• What was the social hierarchy in Elizabethan England?

  • Nobility
  • Gentry
  • Yeomen
  • Tenant farmers
  • Landless and working poor
  • Homeless and beggars
• What was the town social hierarchy in Elizabethan England?

  • Merchants
  • Professionals
  • Business owners
  • Skilled craftsmen
  • Unskilled workers
• What was the role of the Court in Elizabethan government?

  The Court consisted of people close to the Queen who could influence her decisions
• What was the Privy Council responsible for?

  The Privy Council debated issues and oversaw laws, money, and Parliament
• How many members were in the Privy Council?

  19 members
• What was the function of Parliament during Elizabeth's reign?

  Parliament passed laws and gave permission for extra taxes
• How many times did Elizabeth call Parliament during her reign?

  10 times
• What was the role of the Lord Lieutenant in Elizabethan England?

  The Lord Lieutenant was in charge of training local military forces
• Who were the Justices of the Peace?

  Large landowners who kept law and order in their local area
• What is the Divine Right of Kings?

  It is the belief that monarchs have the right to rule because of the 'grace of God'
• What rights did Elizabeth have as a Queen?

  • Declare war and make peace
  • Call and dismiss Parliament
  • Agree or disagree to laws
  • Grant titles, money, and land
  • Be a patron to individuals
• Who was Elizabeth's Secretary of State?

  Sir William Cecil
• What was extraordinary taxation?

  It allowed the Queen and Parliament to raise extra money from taxes in emergencies
• What is the Royal Prerogative?

  It is the right of the Queen to decide on certain issues
• What does it mean for a monarch to be legitimate?

  It means they have the legal right to rule, born to married parents
• Why was Elizabeth considered legitimate?

  Because she was born to Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, who were married
• What were the reasons for Elizabeth to marry?

  • Stability for England through a child
  • A husband could be a military leader
  • Strengthen Elizabeth's position
  • Gain public acceptance
• What were the reasons against Elizabeth marrying?

  • A foreign prince might prioritize his country
  • Threat of losing power
  • Sexism would make the King appear more powerful
• Why was Elizabeth's gender an issue?

  • Christian teachings suggested women should be controlled by men
  • Women were seen as incapable of leadership
  • Public opinion opposed a woman ruling
  • Mary I's reign negatively impacted views on female rulers
• What were Elizabeth's positive characteristics?

  • Intelligent and well-educated
  • Knowledgeable in politics
  • Multilingual (Italian, Greek, French, Latin)
  • Empathetic due to her past experiences
  • Confident and good at communication
• What were Elizabeth's negative characteristics?

  • Had a feared temper
  • Took too long to make decisions
• What financial problems did Elizabeth face at home?

  England was £300,000 in debt due to costly wars during Mary I's reign
• What challenges did Elizabeth face from France?

  France was wealthy, had a larger population, and supported Scotland against England
• What was the significance of the loss of Calais?

  Calais was an important port in Northern France that England lost after a battle with Spain
• Why did Elizabeth view Catholic France and Spain as threats?

  Both were Catholic countries and posed a threat to England's Protestant religion
• What challenges did Elizabeth face from Scotland?

  Scotland had strong ties to France and Mary Queen of Scots claimed the English throne
• What was the Auld Alliance?

  It was a friendship between Scotland and France to support each other in war against England
• What were the features of religion in England before Elizabeth's reign?

  Religion was dominated by the Catholic Church, with practices like confession and mass
• What was the Reformation?

  It was a movement challenging the Roman Catholic Church and creating new churches without the Pope
• What were the Protestant beliefs during Elizabeth's reign?

  • The King/Queen is the church leader
  • The Bible was translated to English
  • Church decorations were removed
  • Bishops were not recognized
  • Churches were plain and simple
  • No Pope
  • Sins forgiven only by God
  • Miracles do not exist
  • Priests allowed to marry
• What were the Catholic beliefs during Elizabeth's reign?

  • Pope as leader
  • Bishops and priests
  • Bible in Latin
  • Belief in miracles and saints
  • Decorated churches
  • Priests not allowed to marry
• Who were the key figures in the religious transitions in England?

  Henry VIII started as Catholic, then became Protestant; Edward VI was Protestant; Mary I was extreme Catholic; Elizabeth I was Protestant but fair to Catholics
• Why was religion a problem for Elizabeth?

  There was tension between Catholics and Protestants, and many Catholics believed she was an illegitimate ruler
• What were Elizabeth's main religious problems?

  • Tension between Catholics and Protestants
  • Geographical division: London more Protestant, rural areas more Catholic
  • The Puritans, who sought to influence her
• What were the features of Elizabeth's Religious Settlement in 1559?

  1. Act of Supremacy: Elizabeth as supreme governor of the Church of England
  2. Act of Uniformity: Standardized church services and attendance
  3. Royal Injunctions: Instructions for clergy and parish requirements
• What was the impact of the religious settlement on the clergy?

  8,000 priests took an Oath of Supremacy in over 10,000 parishes
• Did everyone follow the new religious rules established by Elizabeth?

  No, not everyone followed the new rules
• What year was Elizabeth's Religious Settlement established?

  1559