memory - cognitive psychology

• Multicomponent Working Memory Model


  Phonological Loop, Visuospatial Sketchpad, Central Executive, and Episodic Buffer
• Working Memory Model


  The Multicomponent Model by Baddeley and Hitch (1974)
• Phonological Loop


  Responsible for auditory information, rehearsing, and speech
• Visuospatial Sketchpad


  Handles visual and spatial information
• Central Executive


  Directs attention, prioritizes tasks, and controls the flow of information
• Episodic Buffer


  A temporary store for information from sensory and semantic memory
• Working Memory Capacity


  Limited to 7 +/- 2 chunks of information
• Working Memory Duration


  Information held for a short duration, around 10-30 seconds
• Phonological Loop Capacity


  Can hold around 1-2 seconds of auditory information
• Visuospatial Sketchpad Capacity


  Can hold and manipulate visual and spatial information
• Scrabble Task


  Evidence for the role of phonological loop in working memory (Baddeley et al., 1998)
• Phonological Loop and Central Executive Interaction


  Phonological loop retrieves information, central executive directs attention and processes information
• Central Executive and Episodic Buffer Interaction


  Central executive retrieves information from episodic buffer, integrates sensory and semantic information
• Episodic Buffer and Memory Integration


  Temporary storage, integration, unification, and contextualization
• Episodic Buffer's Role


  Pivot point between sensory and semantic memory systems, integrating information from multiple sources
• Episodic Buffer Limitations


  Temporary storage limitation, sequential processing, information disintegration, sources of error, capacity limitations
• Temporary Storage Limitation


  Episodic buffer can only hold a limited amount of information
• Lack of Attention


  Episodic buffer susceptible to lack of attention, leading to errors and decreased performance
• Information Overload


  Episodic buffer limited capacity, excessive demand can lead to decreased performance
• Sources of Error Examples


  Dialing the wrong phone number, distractions
• Temporary Storage Limitation Examples


  Phone number, learning a new concept
• 
  

  A theoretical framework that integrates multiple levels of organization to understand memory, including sensory, short-term, and long-term memory
• Schema

  A mental framework or structure that helps us organize and make sense of our experiences and knowledge.
• Biased Questions


  Leading questions that introduce assumptions or biases into the question, influencing a participant's response.
• Suggestion


  Leading questions that suggest a particular answer or response, leading to inaccurate or manipulated data.
• Direction


  Leading questions that direct a participant's attention towards a specific aspect of the topic, rather than allowing them to freely respond.