Section 1 - Motion and forces

• What is a vector?

  A vector has both magnitude and direction.
• Give two examples of vectors.

  Force and velocity are examples of vectors.
• What is a scalar?

  A scalar has magnitude only.
• Give two examples of scalars.

  Speed and distance are examples of scalars.
• What is the typical walking speed?

  The typical walking speed is 1.4 m/s.
• What is the typical speed of cars on the motorway?

  The typical speed of cars on the motorway is 31 m/s.
• How can you measure distance using light gates?

  Light gates measure distance by recording the time a beam of light is broken.
• What is one method to measure large distances?

  A rolling tape measure can be used for large distances.
• How can you calculate distance traveled using a camera?

  You can calculate distance traveled by analyzing each frame recorded by the camera.
• What does the gradient of a distance-time graph represent?

  The gradient represents speed.
• What does a flat section on a distance-time graph indicate?

  A flat section indicates that the object is stopped.
• What does a curve on a distance-time graph represent?

  A curve indicates that the object is accelerating.
• What does the gradient of a velocity-time graph represent?

  The gradient represents acceleration.
• What does a flat section on a velocity-time graph indicate?

  A flat section indicates steady speed.
• What does an uphill slope on a velocity-time graph represent?

  An uphill slope represents constant acceleration.
• What does a downhill slope on a velocity-time graph represent?

  A downhill slope represents constant deceleration.
• What does the area under a velocity-time graph represent?

  The area under the graph represents distance traveled.
• What is Newton's First Law of Motion?

  If the resultant force on a stationary object is zero, it will remain stationary.
• What does Newton's Second Law state?

  F = ma, where F is the resultant force, m is mass, and a is acceleration.
• What does Newton's Third Law state?

  For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
• What is the difference between weight and mass?

  Weight is the force acting on an object due to gravity, while mass is the amount of stuff in an object.
• How does force affect momentum?

  Forces cause changes in momentum.
• What is the formula for weight?

  Weight (N) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (N/kg).
• What is the formula for momentum?

  Momentum (kg m/s) = mass (kg) × velocity (m/s).
• How can you measure reaction times?

  You can measure reaction times using a ruler.
• How do you calculate the final velocity using initial velocity, distance, and acceleration?

  You can use the formula $v^2 =$$u^2 +$$2ax$.
• What is the formula for stopping distance?

  Stopping distance = braking distance + thinking distance.
• What does the kinetic energy of a car equal?

  The kinetic energy of a car equals the work done by the brakes.
• What is the formula for kinetic energy?

  Kinetic energy = $\frac{1}{2}mv^2$.
• What does the work done by the brakes equal?

  The work done by the brakes equals $Fd$.
• What are the key concepts of Newton's Laws of Motion?

  • First Law: An object at rest stays at rest; an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a resultant force.
  • Second Law: F = ma (Force equals mass times acceleration).
  • Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
• What are the typical speeds for different activities?

  • Walking: 1.4 m/s
  • Running: 3 m/s
  • Cycling: 5.5 m/s
  • Cars on motorway: 31 m/s
  • Wind Speed: 5 - 20 m/s
• What are the methods to measure distance and time?

  • Light gates
  • Rolling tape measure
  • Camera analysis
• What are the components of stopping distance?

  • Braking distance
  • Thinking distance