Experimental design

• What are the two experimental designs mentioned in the video?

  Repeated measures design and independent groups design
• In an independent groups design, how are the groups structured?

  The groups are independent of each other with different sets of people
• What is a potential problem with independent groups design related to participant variables?

  Differences in participant characteristics may influence results
• If a study on temperature and reaction times has more young people in one condition, what could this affect?

  The results may show a difference that isn't really there
• What is a repeated measures design?

  All participants complete both conditions of the experiment
• What is a potential issue with repeated measures design regarding participant performance?

  Order effects may influence the results
• How can researchers control order effects in repeated measures design?

  By using counterbalancing
• What does counterbalancing do in an experiment?

  It balances the influence of order effects across conditions
• What is a disadvantage of independent groups design compared to repeated measures design?

  It requires more participants to produce the same amount of data
• What is a disadvantage of repeated measures design related to participant behavior?

  Participants may change their behavior to please the researcher
• What is the matched pairs design in experimental research?

  Two separate groups are used, matched on a characteristic that may influence results
• How are participants assigned in a matched pairs design?

  Participants are ranked and assigned to separate conditions based on their scores
• What is the benefit of using matched pairs design regarding participant variables?

  It reduces the effect of participant variables
• What is a disadvantage of matched pairs design compared to repeated measures design?

  It takes longer to set up and requires more participants
• What is the main takeaway from the video regarding experimental designs?

  Each design has strengths and weaknesses that affect the results
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of independent groups and repeated measures designs?

  Strengths of Independent Groups:

  • No order effects
  • Participants are naïve to the experiment

  
  

  Weaknesses of Independent Groups:

  • Requires more participants
  • Participant variables may affect results

  
  

  Strengths of Repeated Measures:

  • Fewer participants needed
  • Controls for participant variables

  
  

  Weaknesses of Repeated Measures:

  • Order effects may influence results
  • Demand characteristics may arise
• What is the role of counterbalancing in repeated measures design?

  • Balances order effects across conditions
  • Ensures that practice or fatigue affects both conditions equally
• What is the purpose of matched pairs design in experimental research?

  • Reduces participant variables
  • Each participant only takes part in one condition
  • Participants are matched based on relevant characteristics