Ethics

• What is the responsibility of researchers in psychology regarding their participants?

  Researchers have a responsibility to look after their participants.
• What are participants' rights in psychological research?

  Participants have rights such as informed consent, right to withdraw, and protection from harm.
• Who decides the ethical guidelines for psychological research in the UK?

  The British Psychological Society (BPS) writes the ethical guidelines in the UK.
• What is the main focus of the video discussed in the study material?

  The video focuses on the BPS's ethical guidelines in psychological research.
• What is informed consent in psychological research?

  Informed consent means participants are aware of the aims, purpose, and consequences of the research.
• What should researchers do if participants are unable to give consent?

  Consent can be given by a parent or guardian if participants are unable to give consent.
• What does the right to withdraw entail for participants?

  Participants should be informed they can end their participation at any stage.
• What is the researcher’s responsibility regarding protection from harm?

  Researchers must consider the psychological well-being, physical health, personal values, and dignity of participants.
• What must be done with personal records of participants?

  Personal records should be kept securely and not reveal identifiable information when publishing results.
• When can confidentiality be broken in psychological research?

  Confidentiality can be broken if a participant or someone else is in danger.
• What is the purpose of debriefing after a study?

  Debriefing informs participants about the reasons for the research and checks for any harm caused.
• What are demand characteristics in psychological research?

  Demand characteristics occur when participants alter their behavior because they are aware of the research aim.
• What is prior general consent in research?

  Prior general consent involves participants agreeing to a list of potential research activities without knowing which will be included.
• What is retroactive consent?

  Retroactive consent is obtaining consent for the use of participants' data after they have taken part in the research.
• What is presumptive consent?

  Presumptive consent involves asking a similar group if they would agree to participate, assuming the experimental group would consent as well.
• What is a cost-benefit analysis in research?

  A cost-benefit analysis compares potential costs to participants with the potential benefits to society of the research.
• What is the role of an ethics committee in research?

  An ethics committee evaluates whether research should be conducted based on ethical principles and may use a cost-benefit analysis.
• What happens during the debriefing process?

  During debriefing, researchers reveal any deception, remind participants of their rights, and check for harm.
• What are the key ethical issues in psychological research?

  • Informed consent
  • Right to withdraw
  • Protection from harm
  • Confidentiality
  • Debriefing
• What are the alternatives to informed consent to avoid demand characteristics?

  • Prior general consent
  • Retroactive consent
  • Presumptive consent
• What should be included in a debriefing form?

  • Purpose of the study
  • Any deception used
  • Right to withdraw data
  • Check for harm
  • Offer support if needed