stave 1/marxism

• Why is it important to know the novella well for the exam?

  Because any part of the novella could be given as an extract for analysis.
• What does AO1 focus on in the exam criteria?

  Reading, understanding, and responding to texts with textual references.
• What is the focus of AO2 in the exam criteria?

  Analyzing language, form, and structure using correct subject terminology.
• What does AO3 require students to show in their responses?

  Understanding of the relationships between texts and their contexts.
• What is the goal of AO4 in the exam criteria?

  To use a range of vocabulary for clarity, purpose, and effect with accurate spelling, punctuation, and grammar.
• What is the definition of the Industrial Revolution as mentioned in the study material?

  Changes in manufacturing where fewer things were made by hand and more by machines in big factories.
• How is social inequality defined in the study material?

  As the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions.
• What does deprivation refer to in the context of the text?

  Hardship, distress, or ruin.
• What does squalor mean as used in the study material?

  Extremely dirty and unpleasant conditions.
• What is capital punishment?

  The legal killing of a person who has committed a serious crime.
• What is a workhouse?

  A place where those unable to support themselves were offered employment.
• What does the term "deter" mean?

  To put off or discourage someone.
• How is the term "austere" defined in the study material?

  As very strict.
• Who does Scrooge represent in 'A Christmas Carol'?

  The ignorant attitudes of the wealthy Victorian classes.
• How does Scrooge view the workhouses?

  He sees them as a solution to poverty, ignoring the humanity of their inhabitants.
• What does Scrooge's attitude towards money reveal about his character?

  He considers money to be the sole important thing in the world.
• Who is Fred in relation to Scrooge?

  Scrooge's nephew and foil character.
• How is Fred characterized in the text?

  As kind, charitable, and someone who enjoys Christmas.
• What role does Fred play in relation to Scrooge's character?

  He embodies the spirit of Christmas and shows what Scrooge could be like.
• What does the term "foil" mean in literature?

  A character that is the opposite to another character.
• What does juxtaposition refer to in the context of character analysis?

  Placing two contrasting characters, ideas, or scenes next to each other to show their differences.
• Who was Thomas Robert Malthus?

  An English cleric and scholar influential in political economics.
• What did Malthus believe?

  He believed in the limits of population growth and resources.
• Which character in 'A Christmas Carol' reflects Malthusian views?

  Scrooge
• How does Marxist theory relate to 'A Christmas Carol'?

  It critiques capitalism and highlights class conflict through characters like Scrooge.
• How does Scrooge symbolize capitalism in the novella?

  He embodies the negative traits of the middle class, such as presumption and ignorance.
• What does Marx argue about self-deprivation in relation to Scrooge?

  He suggests that it leads to alienation and a solitary life.
• How does Mrs. Cratchit view Scrooge?

  As an 'odious, stingy, hard, unfeeling man'.
• What does Mrs. Cratchit's comment about Scrooge represent?

  Class conflict and sympathy for the working class.
• How does Dickens present Scrooge's cruelty in the text?

  Through his obsession with money and disregard for the poor.
• What does the phrase "solitary as an oyster" imply about Scrooge?

  It suggests his isolation and emotional coldness.
• What message does Dickens convey about the potential for change in Scrooge's character?

  That everyone is capable of transformation into more compassionate individuals.
• What is the significance of the quote "Darkness is cheap, and Scrooge liked it"?

  It highlights Scrooge's preference for isolation and his idolatry of money.
• How does Scrooge's character contribute to the atmosphere of the novella?

  His cruelty and isolation create a bleak and dark atmosphere.
• What are four adjectives that describe Scrooge in Stave One?

  Cold, greedy, solitary, and cruel.
• What are three things we learn about Scrooge in Stave One?

  He is miserly, he despises Christmas, and he isolates himself from others.
• How does Scrooge's character reflect the attitudes of the Victorian era?

  His attitudes reveal the selfishness and disregard for the poor prevalent among the wealthy classes.
• What are the key themes explored in 'A Christmas Carol'?

  • Social inequality
  • The importance of compassion and generosity
  • The potential for personal transformation
  • The critique of capitalism and class conflict
• How does Dickens use Scrooge's character to convey social messages?

  • Scrooge represents the negative traits of capitalism.
  • His transformation illustrates the possibility of change.
  • His interactions highlight class disparities and the need for empathy.
• What literary techniques does Dickens employ in 'A Christmas Carol'?

  • Similes (e.g., "solitary as an oyster")
  • Juxtaposition of characters (e.g., Scrooge and Fred)
  • Symbolism (e.g., Scrooge's money obsession)