Historical context

• What is the term used to describe difficulty in sleeping?

  Insomnia
• What factors influence the historical context of mental illness?

  • Several factors contribute to mental illness
  • Each historical view has its own ideology
  • Historically, individuals with mental illness were referred to as "mad"
• What was the belief about mental illness before 500 BC?

  • Limited knowledge on mental health
  • Associated mental illness with demons
  • Thought behavior was demonic
• What are some symptoms associated with the supernatural view of mental illness?

  Hallucinations, delusions, and aggression
• What were some treatments for mental illness in the supernatural context?

  • Trepanning: cutting open the skull to release demons
  • Exorcism: religious treatment methods
• Who is associated with the theory of the four humours?

  Hippocrates
• What are the four humours according to Hippocrates?

  • Blood: associated with vitality
  • Yellow bile: linked to alcohol
  • Black bile: associated with sadness and depression
  • Phlegm: linked to lethargy and unemotional states
• How would you treat an excess of blood according to the four humours theory?

  By implementing a dry diet and bloodletting
• What treatment would be recommended for excess phlegm?

  Dry food and massages
• What is the suggested treatment for excess yellow bile?

  Inducing vomiting and consuming fruit
• How should one treat excess black bile according to Hippocrates?

  By exercising and receiving massages
• What is the psychogenic approach to mental health from the 1900s?

  • Theoretical approach to mental health
  • Emphasizes psychological and social experiences
  • Treatment primarily through psychoanalysis
  • Highlights emotional factors influencing mental health disorders
• What is the somatogenic approach to mental health from the 1950s?

  • Emphasizes biological factors causing mental health disorders
  • Based on research of neurological processes
  • Acknowledges the importance of psychological and biological factors
  • Disorders arise from physical disturbances
• What is an example of a mental disorder explained by the somatogenic approach?

  Schizophrenia, which is linked to genetic and neurochemical abnormalities
• What treatment is mentioned for mental health disorders in the somatogenic approach?

  Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
• What is an example of an affective disorder?

  Major depressive disorder
• What is an example of an anxiety disorder?

  Specific phobias
• What is an example of a psychotic disorder?

  Schizophrenia
• What does the term 'aetiology' refer to in the context of mental illness?

  The explanation or cause of mental illness
• How has terminology regarding mental health changed over time?

  Terms like 'madness' and 'lunacy' have been replaced with 'people with mental health problems'
• What are the historical views of mental illness and their treatments?

  • Ancient cultures: Demonology, rituals
  • Hippocrates: Four humours, bloodletting
  • Middle Ages: Demons, executions, early asylums
  • Pinel: Humanitarian approach, freedom of movement
  • Freud: Psychological theories
  • 20th century: Medical model, syndromes categorization
• What was the treatment method used in ancient cultures for mental illness?

  Rituals to rid the body of demons
• What did Hippocrates believe caused mental illness?

  Imbalances in the four essential fluids
• What were the four essential fluids according to Hippocrates?

  Blood, phlegm, bile, and black bile
• What treatment methods did Hippocrates advocate?

  Bloodletting, purging, and dietary changes
• What was the cause of mental illness during the Middle Ages?

  Demons and witchcraft
• What was a common treatment for mental illness in the Middle Ages?

  Executions and torture
• What did Freud believe was the cause of mental illness?

  Psychological factors and unconscious conflicts
• How did behaviorism view mental illnesses?

  As caused by environmental factors and learning histories
• What significant shift occurred in the 20th century regarding mental illness?

  A shift towards a medical model and categorization of symptoms
• What is the interactionist approach to understanding mental illness today?

  It considers multiple factors, including biological, psychological, and social influences
• What should students consider when defining abnormality?

  Thoughts and behaviors that are considered abnormal in society