Genetic explanation of mental illness

• What determines many features of our behavior, appearance, personality, and achievements?

  Genes inherited from our parents
• What is the total genetic makeup of an individual called?

  Genotype
• How much genetic material do we share with our parents?

  50%
• How much genetic material do siblings share on average?

  50%
• What is the genetic similarity percentage between monozygotic twins?

  100%
• How much genetic material do dizygotic twins share?

  50%
• What does the expression "It runs in the family" imply about genes?

  It suggests that certain traits or conditions may be shared due to heredity factors
• What does the genetic explanation of mental illness suggest about direct relatives of individuals with mental health conditions?

  They have an increased likelihood of developing a mental illness
• What is the term for the increased likelihood of developing a mental health condition due to genetics?

  Genetic predisposition
• Does having a genetic predisposition guarantee that an individual will develop a mental health condition?

  No, it only indicates an increased likelihood
• What do people inherit that makes them more vulnerable to mental health disorders?

  Genes that increase vulnerability
• How is similarity in behavior or characteristics measured in genetic research?

  By correlation or concordance rates
• What is a proband in genetic research?

  An individual with a disorder being studied
• What is the method of study that involves assessing family members of probands?

  Family studies
• What is the lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia in the general population?

  About 1%
• How much greater is the risk of developing schizophrenia for first-degree relatives compared to the baseline risk?

  About ten times greater
• What is the concordance rate for schizophrenia in monozygotic twins according to Stephen Glatt?

  About 46% to 53%
• What is the concordance rate for schizophrenia in dizygotic twins?

  About 15%
• What does a higher concordance rate in monozygotic twins suggest about schizophrenia?

  It suggests a substantial genetic component
• What did the Finnish Adoptive Family Study find regarding the lifetime risk of schizophrenia for adopted-away children of biological mothers with schizophrenia?

  1. 4%
• What was the lifetime risk of schizophrenia for adopted-away children of unaffected biological parents according to the Finnish Adoptive Family Study?

  1. 2%
• What does the difference in lifetime risk of schizophrenia between adopted-away children of affected and unaffected biological parents suggest?

  It suggests that genetic influences play an important role in schizophrenia