DNA

• What is DNA?

  A double stranded polymer wound to form a double helix
• Where is DNA contained?

  The chromosomes
• What is DNA made up of?

  Nucleotides
• What are nucleotides made up of?

  one sugar molecule, one phosphate molecule and one of the four bases
• How many bases form an amino acid?

  three
• How many types of amino acid are there?

  twenty
• Protein synthesis 1st stage

  Dna contains the genetic code for making a protein but cannot move out the nucleus as it is too big
• Protein synthesis 2nd stage

  the two strands pull apart from each other and MRNA nucleotides match to their base on the strand
• Protein synthesis 3rd stage

  MRNA nucleotides then join together and create the MRNA strand. Template of the original DNA
• Protein synthesis 4th stage

  MRNA then moves out the nucleus to the cytoplasm and onto ribosomes.
• Protein synthesis 5th stage

  The bases on the MRNA are read in threes to code for an amino acid
• Protein synthesis 6th stage

  Corresponding amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by carrier molecules
• Protein synthesis 7th stage

  Amino acids connect together to form a protein then folds up to make a structure
• Proteins can be

  Enzymes

  Hormones

  Structural proteins
• What is an enzyme?

  Biological catalysts that speed up the rate of the reaction
• What is a hormone?

  Chemical messengers that send signals around the body
• What are structural proteins?

  Strongs proteins that form structures
• What does the DNA determine?

  The proteins and their activity
• What does the non coding DNA determine?

  genes are expressed
• How many chromosomes do humans have?

  46
• What shape does DNA have when duplicated ready for cell division?

  X
• What is the A in DNA?

  adenine
• What is T in DNA?

  Thymine
• What is C in DNA?

  Cytosine
• What is a G in DNA?

  Guanine