Weimar Germany

• Leaders in 1918?

  Germany: Kaiser Wilhelm II

  Britain: George V

  America: Woodrow Wilson

  British PM: David Lloyd George

  France: George Clemenceau
• What was the Treaty of Versailles?


  Germany have to take all the blame for WW1
• End of ww1 


  Sep 1918 - German army pushed back on western front, shortages of food and provigens

  Oct 1918 - new government formed in Germany led by Prince Max of Baden, Germany first parliamentary government

  Oct 1918 - Prince Max went to USA about ending war, Wilson said no peace terms while Kaiser still in control

  Oct 1918 - German navy mutinied

  Nov 9th 1918 - kaiser Wilhelm adbdicated thrown

  Nov 11th 1918 - Chancellor of newly declared German Republic Friedrich Ebert accepted armistice on bases of Wilsons 14 points

  Jan 19th 1919 - elections for a constituent assembly
• The Weimar Constitution 


  . Reorganised the system of government

  . Designed to be as fair as possible

  The president

  • Elected every 7 years
  • Chosen Chancellor and is head of army
  • Can dissolve the reichstag
• What were the reichstag and reichsrat?

  Reichstag

  • New German parliament
  • Members elected every 4 years

  Reichsrat

  • Second less powerful house of parliament
  • Members from each local region
  • Can delay measures passed by reichstag
• Article 48


  President could use this to override Parliament because of emergency decree - had all power
• Who were the spartacists?

  A left wing extremist group

  • Led by Karl liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg
  • December 1918
  • They sought to establish a state based on communist ideals
  • They began to overthrow Ebert and government but army used against them and the leaders were shot - failed
• Who were the Kapp putsch?


  An extremist right wing group

  • Led by Wolfgang Kapp
  • March 1920
  • Government ordered army to be reduced and disband the Freikorps which caused an uproar and so the putsch planned to seize Berlin and firm a new right wing Government
  • They seized Berlin on 13th March
  • Didn't get enough support and collapsed - failed
• Stab in the back theory


  People still thought they had a chance at winning war and Ebert signing the Armistice was like a stab in the back. Weimaraner Republic nicknamed November Criminals due to
• What was the industrial region invaded by France?

  Ruhr
• What's hyperinflation?


  When production can't keep up with the money in circulation
• What we're the Freikorps?


  Far right ex soldiers
• Reparations


  Payments to countries after the war
• Who is new president in 1923?


  Gustav Stressemen, he is also foreign secretary. In 1926 he gets Nobke Peace Prize

  He soon resigns being Chancellor
• What's hyperinflation?


  When the amount of money increases but the value goes down
• When was the 'Golden Age'?


  1924-28
• Gustav stressemen?


  . He agrees to end the strikes in Ruhr

  • Which reduced tension between germany, france and belgium
  • Government could stop paying compensation for strikers

  . November 1923 - German Mark was replaced with the rentenmark

  . He improved national interaction

  • Improved german economy
• The Dawes Pact 1924


  . Secured withdrawal of France + Belgium from the Ruhr

  . Secured $40 mill loan from USA to pay debts
• The Lacarno Pact 1925


  Countries agreed to respect their joint borders
• The league of Nations


  Germany allowed to join the league in 1926 and was re-established as an international power
• The Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928


  Germany signed with 65 other nations, promised not to use violence
• The Young Plan 1929


  Allies agreed to reduce the reparations to a quarter of their original amount, Germany given 59 years to pay off
• The golden years

  . Standard of living improved

  . Article 109 said women now had equal rights and could have professional jobs

  . Women over 20 could be in reichstag, 112 were elected between 1932 and 1919

  . By 1933 there were 100,000 Women teachers

  . Abortion still illegal
• Cultural changes

  .Cabaret - new entertainment in theater, nightclubs and bars that made fun of politicians

  .Music - modern classical music (Alan Berg), jazz music of American influence

  .All Quiet on the Restaurant Front challenged stab in the back theory

  .Berlin became world leader in cinema

  .Art made to comment on problems in Germany

  . Bauhaus school was set up in 1919 by Walter Gropius
• When was hitters rise to power?


  1919 - 1933
• When was Adolf Hitler born?

  1889
• Where was Hitler born?

  Braunau am Inn, Austria-Hungary
• What significant event happened in Hitler's life in 1903?

  His father died
• How did Hitler's relationship with his mother change after his father's death?

  He became close to his mother
• What did Hitler want to pursue after his father's death?

  He wanted to go to art college
• What tragic event occurred in Hitler's life in 1907?

  His mother died
• How did Hitler feel after his mother's death?

  He was very upset
• What happened to Hitler in 1908 regarding his education?

  He was rejected by the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna
• How did Hitler support himself between 1908 and 1913?

  He earned a living by selling painted postcards
• What significant action did Hitler take in 1913?

  He fled to Munich to avoid military service
• Which military unit did Hitler join in the German army?

  16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment
• In which battle did Hitler participate during World War I?

  Battle of the Somme
• What honor did Hitler receive in 1914?

  He won the Iron Cross second class
• What rank did Hitler achieve in the army by 1914?

  He reached lance corporal
• What happened to Hitler in 1918 during World War I?

  He was temporarily blinded by a gas attack