biopsych

• What does the central nervous system (CNS) include?

  The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord.
• What is the function of the spinal cord?

  To receive and transmit information and process some reflexes.
• What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of?

  A body-wide network of messenger neurons.
• What are sensory afferent neurons responsible for?

  They take information to the CNS.
• What is the role of motor efferent neurons?

  They take information away from the CNS.
• What does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) control?

  It controls actions of internal glands and is involuntary.
• What is the function of the somatic nervous system (SNS)?

  It controls skeletal muscles and is voluntary.
• What does the sympathetic system do?

  It increases bodily activities and activates the fight or flight response.
• What is the role of the parasympathetic system?

  It decreases bodily activities and activates rest and digest functions.
• What is homeostasis?

  It is the regulation of the internal environment by balancing sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
• What is the endocrine system?

  It is a collection of glands that regulate bodily functions by releasing hormones into the blood.
• What is the pituitary gland known as?

  It is known as the master gland.
• What hormone does the hypothalamus release?

  It releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).
• What is the function of the pineal gland?

  It modulates sleep patterns by releasing melatonin.
• What does the thyroid gland regulate?

  It regulates metabolism through the hormone thyroxine.
• What hormone does the pancreas produce?

  It produces insulin.
• What is the role of the adrenal glands?

  They regulate the effects of the fight or flight response through adrenaline.
• What hormone do the ovaries produce?

  They produce estrogen.
• What is the function of the motor neuron?

  It stimulates an effector, such as a muscle group, to respond to a signal.
• What is synaptic transmission?

  It is the process by which neurons communicate by passing on chemical signals.
• What are neurotransmitters?

  They are chemical messages released by neurons that can be excitatory or inhibitory.
• What happens during depolarization?

  The electrical charge inside the neuron becomes more positive, increasing the likelihood of firing.
• What is summation in the context of action potentials?

  It is the combined effect of all excitatory and inhibitory influences on a neuron.
• What is the fight or flight response?

  It is an evolutionary survival mechanism in response to a threat.
• What triggers the fight or flight response?

  A stressor detected by the hypothalamus activates the HPA axis.
• What is the function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

  It involves complex processing, including the brain and spinal cord.
• What is the role of cortisol in the fight or flight response?

  Cortisol is released by the adrenal cortex in response to stress.
• What does the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of?

  A body-wide network of messenger neurons.
• What is the role of sensory afferent neurons?

  They take information to the CNS.
• What are the psychological effects of adrenaline?

  They include increased anxiety, attention, and alertness.
• What does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) control?

  Actions of internal glands and is an involuntary system.
• What is the function of the somatic nervous system (SNS)?

  It controls skeletal muscles and is a voluntary system.
• What does the sympathetic system do?

  It increases bodily activities and activates the fight or flight response.
• What is the role of the parasympathetic system?

  It decreases bodily activities and activates rest and digest functions.
• What is the function of the motor cortex?

  It controls voluntary muscle movements across the body.
• What is homeostasis?

  It is the regulation of the internal environment by balancing sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
• What is the endocrine system?

  A collection of glands that regulate bodily functions through hormones.
• What is the function of the pituitary gland?

  It controls the release of hormones from other glands.
• What happens if the motor cortex is damaged?

  It results in the loss of muscle function or paralysis on the opposite side of the body.
• What hormone does the hypothalamus release?

  Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).