Expectation

• Expectation

  Our belief about what its likely to happen based on past experiences.
• Bruner and Minturn (1955)

  Aimed to see whether expectation is an important factor in perception.
• Method

  • Showed participants an ambiguous figure which looked like either a B or a 13.
  • First group was shows figure in between the letters A and C
  • Second group were shown figure in between numbers 12 and 14
• Results

  • Group that saw the figure in between A and C read the figure as B
  • Group that saw the figure in between 12 and 14 read it as 13.
• Conclusion

  • Expectation has an important influence on perception.
• Evaluation point 1

  • Strength- Contains real-life application
  • Bartlett's 'war of the ghosts' study, explained why participants changed their story.
  • Increases the credibility of the theory.