1.2.1 Primary Storage

• What is the primary storage in a computer system?

  RAM (Random Access Memory)
• Why do we need primary storage while a computer is running?

  To store instructions that the CPU fetches, decodes, and executes
• What does RAM store in a computer system?

  Programs currently being used, including the Operating System and open applications
• What does it mean that RAM is volatile?

  It wipes its contents when the computer is switched off
• What is the purpose of ROM in a computer system?

  To store the boot-up sequence (BIOS) for starting the computer
• How is ROM different from RAM in terms of volatility?

  ROM is non-volatile, meaning it does not wipe when the computer is switched off
• What are the key differences between RAM and ROM?

  RAM is volatile, easily expandable, and contents change frequently; ROM is non-volatile, usually fixed in size, and contents rarely change
• Which type of memory is generally larger, RAM or ROM?

  RAM
• What is virtual memory?

  A temporary storage area on the hard drive used when RAM is full
• Why is virtual memory considered a "necessary evil"?

  It slows down performance but allows more programs to be opened when RAM is full
• How does virtual memory work when RAM is full?

  Data from RAM is moved to secondary storage to free up space for new data
• What is disk trashing in the context of virtual memory?

  The process of moving data between RAM and virtual memory that decreases computer performance
• Why is virtual memory slower to access than RAM?

  Because data must be moved back to RAM first for the CPU to access it
• How can adding more RAM to a computer improve performance?

  It reduces the reliance on virtual memory, thus improving speed
• What happens as RAM sizes get larger in relation to virtual memory?

  We rely on virtual memory less and less