1.2.4 Data Storage

• What is the process to convert positive denary whole numbers to binary numbers?

  Convert the denary number to its binary equivalent using division by 2.
• What is the maximum number of bits for binary integers in this context?

  8 bits
• What happens when you add two binary integers together?

  You may encounter overflow errors if the result exceeds the bit limit.
• What is an overflow error in binary addition?

  An overflow error occurs when the result exceeds the maximum value that can be represented in the given bits.
• What is the maximum value that can be represented in 8 bits?

  255 or $11111111$
• How do you convert positive denary whole numbers into 2-digit hexadecimal numbers?

  Convert the denary number to hexadecimal using division by 16.
• What is the relationship between binary and hexadecimal numbers?

  Binary integers can be converted to their hexadecimal equivalents by grouping bits.
• How many bits are there per hexadecimal digit?

  4 bits per hex digit
• What is the effect of shifting a binary number to the right?

  It divides the number by 2, potentially losing accuracy.
• What is the effect of shifting a binary number to the left?

  It multiplies the number by 2.
• What is a character set?

  A character set is the collection of characters and symbols a computer uses and understands.
• How is each character represented in a character set?

  Each character is assigned a unique character code, which is a binary number.
• How many characters can ASCII represent?

  ASCII can represent 128 characters.
• How many characters can Extended ASCII represent?

  Extended ASCII can represent 256 characters.
• What is the difference between ASCII and Extended ASCII?

  Extended ASCII can represent more characters than ASCII, including European symbols and other languages.
• What is the bit depth in relation to images?

  Bit depth refers to the amount of bits stored per pixel.
• How does colour depth affect image quality?

  A larger colour depth allows for better image quality by representing a wider variety of colours.
• What is metadata in relation to images?

  Metadata is background information about the image, such as dimensions and file type.
• How is sound sampled and stored in digital form?

  Sound is sampled by measuring the height/amplitude of the waveform and converted to binary.
• What is sample frequency?

  Sample frequency is the number of samples taken per second.
• What is bit depth in relation to sound?

  Bit depth refers to how many bits are taken per sample.
• How is bit rate calculated?

  Bit rate is calculated as Sample Frequency multiplied by Bit Depth.
• What is the effect of increasing sample frequency and bit depth on audio quality?

  Increasing sample frequency and bit depth improves audio quality but increases file size.
• What are the key components of how an image is represented in binary?

  • An image consists of pixels.
  • Each pixel can be one color.
  • Each color has a unique binary number.
  • Binary numbers are stored in order in the file.
• What are the effects of color depth on image quality and file size?

  • Larger color depth improves image quality.
  • Larger color depth increases file size.
  • Smaller color depth reduces file size.
  • Smaller color depth decreases image quality.
• What are the effects of sample rate, duration, and bit depth on audio quality?

  • Higher sample rate improves audio quality.
  • Higher bit depth improves audio quality.
  • Higher sample rate increases file size.
  • Higher bit depth increases file size.