The Renaissance challenged medieval intellectual values, leading to new branches of Christianity from religious dissent. The monarchy began focusing on trade and art, though power still confined by feudal landlords. The Renaissance and Reformation worked in hand to shift the power and focus of netizens, but Reformation focused more on spirituality rather than secular ideas.
Massive inflation led to protest against poverty and loss of property, a new social tension formed because supply could not catch up to demand. Witches became a new fear and created tension about family life, the role of women questioned. Proletariats, or people without access to wealth had to find work, which led to many begging and wandering the streets.
The most innovative features of Western science is improvements in anatomical work, astronomy, and all knowledge being more accessible to the public. There were more doctors and insurance, and the microscope allowed for more innovation. Isaac Newton, Copernicus, and Kepler observed the planets; science began to take on a more important role in the West.
Political changes mostly pushed Western society to catch up to effective governments in Asia. Their new bureaucracies were similar to China, and losing their feudalism. There was civil war such as the Glorious Revolution that paralleled ones in China.
Feudalism declined a parliaments and absolute monarchy became the main political governments. Individual goals caused competition promoting economic advances. Individualism in general led to feminism, own religious beliefs, and more.
Who is Niccolò Machiavelli?
An Italian diplomat and philosopher best known for his political treatise, "The Prince."