3.3 Nutrition and energy systems

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Created by
Ellie gould

Cards (37)

  • What is the main function of mitochondria?
    Energy production through ATP synthesis
  • What is the electron transport chain (ETC)?
    A series of redox reactions for ATP production
  • Where does ATP synthesis occur in mitochondria?
    Inner mitochondrial membrane
  • What happens to energy during the electron transport chain?
    Energy is lost as heat while transferring
  • What is the by-product of ATP production in respiration?
    Water
  • Why is the regulation of ATP important in cells?
    To maintain a constant energy supply
  • What are the three energy systems in muscle response?
    1. Phosphocreatine System (0-8s) - high intensity, short term
    2. Lactic Acid System - high intensity, short term
    3. Aerobic System - low intensity, long term
  • What is the main characteristic of the phosphocreatine system?
    Fast reaction for quick ATP replenishment
  • What does creatine phosphate convert to during energy production?
    Creatine and inorganic phosphate
  • What is the main function of the glycolysis process?
    Breakdown of glucose to produce ATP
  • What happens to pyruvic acid in the Krebs cycle?
    It is converted to Acetyl CoA
  • What is produced during the Krebs cycle?
    NADH and FADH2
  • What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
    Oxygen
  • How does the electron transport chain contribute to ATP synthesis?
    It pumps protons to create a gradient
  • How many ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule?
    32 ATP
  • What is chemiosmosis in cellular respiration?
    • Occurs across the inner mitochondrial membrane
    • Protons are pumped from the matrix to intermembrane space
    • Creates a proton gradient
    • Protons flow back to generate ATP
  • What is the role of NADH and FADH2 in respiration?
    They act as electron carriers
  • What happens if oxygen is lacking during respiration?
    Lactic acid builds up and slows process
  • What are the main steps of the respiratory system in energy production?
    1. Glycolysis
    2. Krebs cycle
    3. Electron transport chain
  • How does the body repay oxygen debt after exercise?
    Through excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
  • What is the rapid component of EPOC?
    Replenishment of oxygen and ATP
  • What is the role of magnesium in respiration?
    It acts as a cofactor for enzymes
  • What is the significance of the proton gradient in ATP synthesis?
    It drives ATP synthesis through ATP synthase
  • What is the connection between respiration and muscle contraction?
    ATP produced fuels muscle contraction
  • How does the Krebs cycle regenerate NAD+ and FAD+?
    Through the oxidation of NADH and FADH2
  • What is the chemical formula for pyruvic acid?
    C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
  • What is the chemical formula for Acetyl CoA?
    C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O-CoA
  • What is the role of enzymes in respiration?
    They catalyze the oxidation of glucose
  • How does the body utilize ATP during exercise?
    ATP is used for muscle contraction and energy
  • What is the main product of glycolysis?
    2 ATP and pyruvic acid
  • What is the significance of the Krebs cycle in respiration?
    It generates electron carriers for the ETC
  • What is the main function of the respiratory system?
    To break down glucose for ATP production
  • How does the body respond to low oxygen levels during exercise?
    By increasing lactic acid production
  • What is the relationship between ATP and muscle contraction?
    ATP provides energy for muscle contraction
  • What is the role of the final electron acceptor in respiration?
    To form water from electrons
  • What is the importance of the proton gradient in ATP synthesis?
    It drives ATP production through ATP synthase
  • How does the electron transport chain affect cellular respiration?
    It maximizes ATP production from glucose