Psychology : Multi store model of memory

• What are the main components of the multi-store model of memory?

  • Sensory register
  • Short-term memory
  • Long-term memory
• Who created the multi-store model of memory and in what year?

  Atkinson and Shiffrin created the multi-store model in 1968.
• What does it mean that the multi-store model is linear and passive?


  It means information flows in one direction and the stores simply hold information without processing it.
• What are the three features of each store in the multi-store model?


  The three features are coding, capacity, and duration.
• How is information coded in the sensory register?

  The coding in the sensory register is modality specific, depending on the sense organ.
• What is the capacity of the sensory register?

  The capacity of the sensory register is very large and potentially unlimited.
• What is the duration of the sensory register?

  The duration of the sensory register is approximately 250 milliseconds.
• How does information move from the sensory register to short-term memory?

  Information moves through attention to the short-term memory.
• What is the coding of short-term memory?

  The coding of short-term memory is acoustic.
• What is the capacity of short-term memory?

  The capacity of short-term memory is 7 items plus or minus 2.
• What is the duration of short-term memory?

  The duration of short-term memory is between 18 and 30 seconds.
• What are the two types of rehearsal for transferring information to long-term memory?

  The two types are maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal.
• What is the coding in long-term memory?

  The coding in long-term memory is semantic.
• What is the capacity of long-term memory?

  The capacity of long-term memory is very large and potentially unlimited.
• What is the duration of long-term memory?

  The duration of long-term memory is very large and potentially unlimited.
• What did Sperling's study reveal about sensory memory capacity?

  Sperling's study suggested that sensory memory has a much larger capacity than short-term memory.
• How did Baddeley's study evaluate the coding of short-term memory?

  Baddeley's study showed that acoustically similar words are harder to recall, indicating acoustic coding.
• What did Jacobs' research reveal about short-term memory capacity?

  Jacobs' research revealed that the capacity of short-term memory is around 7 items.
• What is chunking in relation to short-term memory?

  Chunking is grouping items to increase the capacity of short-term memory.
• What did Peterson and Peterson's study find about the duration of short-term memory?

  Peterson and Peterson found that the duration of short-term memory is between 18 and 30 seconds.
• What does semantic similarity in long-term memory suggest?

  Semantic similarity causes confusion, indicating that long-term memory is coded semantically.
• What is a criticism of the multi-store model regarding ecological validity?

  A criticism is that the research methods used lack ecological validity and do not reflect real-life memory use.
• What is the main takeaway from the multi-store model of memory?

  The main takeaway is to understand the processes of information passing through the model and the features of each store.
• What are the evaluations of the multi-store model of memory?

  • Research lacks ecological validity
  • Tasks lack mundane realism
  • Inferences about memory processes may be incorrect
  • Model is simplistic and does not account for multiple types of memory
• What is the duration of sensory memory?

  Half a second
• What does the multi-store model of memory propose about short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM)?

  They are separate and independent systems
• What type of information do we tend to mix up when using our short-term memory?

  Words that sound similar
• What does the counterpoint suggest about long-term memory (LTM) coding?

  LTM coding is semantic
• What limitation does the study by Shallice and Warrington (1970) suggest about the multi-store model of memory (MSM)?

  There is more than one STM store
• How did KF's recall differ when he heard digits compared to when he read them?

  His recall was poor when he heard them but better when he read them
• What does the MSM suggest about the transfer of information from STM to LTM?

  Prolonged rehearsal is needed
• What are the two types of rehearsal identified by Craik and Watkins (1973)?

  Maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal
• What is the difference between maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal?

  Maintenance rehearsal is about the amount of rehearsal, while elaborative rehearsal links information to existing knowledge
• What does the MSM fail to account for according to research findings?

  It cannot account for amnesiac cases
• What is the main purpose of the multi-store model of memory?

  To explain how memory works
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the multi-store model of memory (MSM)?

  Strengths:

  • Explains differences between STM and LTM
  • Provides a foundational understanding of memory

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Cannot account for all research findings
  • Oversimplifies the nature of memory
  • Suggests only one STM store
• What is the implication of the MSM being a good starting point for developing more valid models of memory?

  It suggests that further research is needed to explain memory better
• What type of information does the MSM suggest is typically involved in everyday memory?

  Meaningful information
• What is the role of the sensory register in memory formation?

  It holds information from each sense
• What is the significance of the term "meaningless consonant syllables" in memory studies?

  They are often used to test memory recall in research