bioenergetics

• Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?

  In chlorophyll and chloroplasts
• What is the role of light in photosynthesis?

  Light provides the energy needed for the reaction to occur
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis classified as?

  It is an endothermic reaction
• What is one of the products of photosynthesis?

  Glucose
• How is glucose used in plants after photosynthesis?

  It is used for respiration, turned into starch or fat, or used to produce cellulose and amino acids
• What factors can increase the rate of photosynthesis?

  Higher temperature, increased light intensity, and increased CO2 concentration
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis if one factor is limiting?

  The rate will be limited by the factor that is in short supply
• How can the rate of photosynthesis be measured practically?

  By submerging pondweed in an inverted measuring cylinder and measuring the volume of oxygen produced
• What is the relationship between light intensity and distance from the light source?

  Light intensity follows an inverse square relationship
• What is the function of mitochondria in cells?

  Mitochondria are where respiration takes place to provide energy
• What is aerobic respiration?

  Aerobic respiration occurs with oxygen
• What is the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

  It is the opposite of photosynthesis
• What happens to breathing and heart rates during exercise?

  They increase to deliver more oxygen to cells for respiration
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  Anaerobic respiration occurs when there is a lack of oxygen
• What is produced during anaerobic respiration in muscles?


  Lactic acid is produced
• What is oxygen debt?


  It is the amount of oxygen needed to break down lactic acid after exercise
• How do plant and yeast cells respire anaerobically?

  They convert glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What is fermentation?

  Fermentation is the process of anaerobic respiration in yeast
• What is metabolism?

  Metabolism is the sum of all reactions in a cell or organism
• What are some processes included in metabolism?

  Respiration, conversion of glucose into starch, glycogen, and cellulose
• How are amino acids produced in plants?

  Amino acids are made from glucose and nitrates
• What happens to excess proteins in the body?

  They are broken down into urea
• Why do breathing and heart rates take time to return to normal after exercise?

  Because of the oxygen debt that needs to be repaid
• What is the role of yeast in baking?

  Yeast produces CO2 bubbles that cause the bread to rise
• What is the relationship between exercise and lactic acid buildup?

  Lactic acid buildup occurs during intense exercise due to anaerobic respiration
• How do temperature changes affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Higher temperatures can increase the rate until denaturation occurs
• What is the significance of the plateau in a graph of photosynthesis rate?

  The plateau indicates that another factor has become limiting
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis if light intensity is increased while CO2 is limited?

  The rate will not increase further due to CO2 being the limiting factor
• What is the effect of increasing CO2 concentration on photosynthesis?

  It can increase the rate of photosynthesis until another factor becomes limiting
• What is the relationship between glucose and starch in plants?

  Glucose can be converted into starch for energy storage
• How does the body utilize glucose during respiration?

  Glucose is broken down to release energy for cellular processes
• What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

  Chlorophyll absorbs light energy necessary for photosynthesis
• What is the significance of the balanced chemical equations for photosynthesis and respiration?

  They illustrate the interdependence of these two processes
• What is the relationship between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic does not
• How does the body respond to an oxygen debt after exercise?

  The body increases breathing and heart rates to repay the debt
• What is the role of glucose in metabolism?

  Glucose is a key substrate for energy production and synthesis of other compounds
• How are fatty acids and glycerol related to metabolism?

  They are built up into lipids during metabolic processes
• What happens to excess glucose in the body?

  Excess glucose can be converted into fat or stored as glycogen
• What is the significance of urea in metabolism?

  Urea is a waste product formed from the breakdown of excess proteins
• How does the body utilize amino acids?

  Amino acids are used for protein synthesis