Active Transport

• What process allows substances to be absorbed against a concentration gradient?

  Active transport
• How does active transport differ from diffusion?

  Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient, while diffusion moves them down the gradient.
• What is required for active transport to occur?

  Energy from respiration
• What is a concentration gradient?

  A concentration gradient is the difference in concentration of particles between two areas.
• In which part of the human body is active transport used to absorb sugars like glucose?

  In the cells lining the small intestine
• Why can't sugars diffuse into the cells lining the small intestine?

  Because the concentration of sugars is higher inside the cell than in the lumen.
• What role do mitochondria play in active transport?

  Mitochondria provide the energy needed for active transport.
• What is an example of active transport in plants?

  Transporting ions such as magnesium into root hair cells from the soil
• Why do plants need magnesium ions?

  To make chlorophyll in the leaves
• How do root hair cells utilize active transport?

  They move ions from a lower concentration in the soil to a higher concentration inside the cell.
• What are xylem vessels responsible for in plants?

  Transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves
• What are the key differences between active transport and diffusion?

  • Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient.
  • Diffusion moves substances down the concentration gradient.
  • Active transport requires energy from respiration.
  • Diffusion does not require energy.
• What are the examples of active transport in animals and plants?

  • In animals: Absorption of glucose in the small intestine.
  • In plants: Uptake of magnesium ions in root hair cells.