99 KEY TERMS!!

• Massacre at wounded knee


  December 28, 1890; rounded up around 350 Sioux. Took all of their weapons. In minutes, the 7th cavalry slaughtered 300 unarmed Native Americans.
• Americanization Policy


  tried to whitewash Native Americans
• Life and Culture of Plains Indians


  distinctive and highly developed ways of Native American life existed on the great plains; the grassland extended through the west-central portion of the US.
• Era of Wide-Open Western Frontier


  overgrazing of the land, extending bad weather, and the invention of barbed wire were responsible
• Populism


  the movement of the people. Demanded reforms to lift the burden of debt from farmers and other workers and to give the people a greater voice in their government.
• Homestead Act


  offered 160 acres of land to any citizen or intended citizen who was head of their household. 600,000 families accepted.
• John D. Rockefeller


  established the Standard Oil Company. He joined with competing companies in trust agreements.
• Thomas Edison


  created the lightbulb, and later created an entire electricity system.
• Alexander Graham Bell


  Created the telephone
• Electricity


  allows companies to move away from rivers
• Social Darwinism 


  A philosophy that grew from Charles Darwin in his theory of evolution
• Industrial Consolidation and trusts


  " if you can't beat em' join em' "often pursued horizontal integration by mergers
• Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire


  workers discovered while trying to escape, all doors (fire exists) were locked to prevent theft. 146 women died in the fire. The owners were convicted of manslaughter.
• Interstate Commerce Act


  The Supreme Court ruled that a state could not set rates on interstate commerce. This act established the right of the federal government to supervise railroad activities and established the ICC for that purpose.
• Andrew Carnegie

  Carnegie Steel Company was very successful. He was always successful. He always searched for a cheap price.
• Sherman Anti-trust Act

  Made it illegalMade it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or other countries
• Standardized Time Zones


  Helped transform the diverse regions of the country into a united nation.
• Vertical Integration


  A process in which someone buys out their suppliers to control raw materials and transportation materials.
• Melting Pot 


  A mixture of people of different cultures and races who blended by abandoning their native language and customs.
• Nativism


  Overt favoritism towards native-born Americans.
• Americanization Movement

  Assimilate people of wide-ranging cultures into the dominant one.
• Settlement House

  Community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assimilate to people in the are, especially the immigrants.
• Patronage 


  giving of government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected.
• Ellis Island

  Located in New York Harbor; this is where European immigrants got into the US. 20% of immigrants were detained for 1-2 days for inspection and only 2% were denied entry.
• Orville and Wilbur Wright


  First to fly a plane
• Jim Crow Laws


  Segregation laws
• Skyscrapers


  Became America's greatest contribution to architecture. They solved the problem of how to make the vest use of limited and expensive land.
• Grandfather Clause


  If one couldn't pay the poll tax, he could still vote if his father or grandfather could.
• Plessy v. Ferguson


  Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal in public accommodations.
• Booker T. Washington


  Believed that racism would end once black people acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society.
• Progressivism


  Claimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life.
• 19th amendment

  Granted women the right to vote
• 4 goals of progressive movement


  Protect social welfare, promote moral improvement, create economic reform, and foster efficiency.
• Muckrakers


  Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life in mass circulation magazines.
• Upton Sinclair


  Wrote "The Jungle" and helped push for the passage of the Meat Inspection Act.
• Pure food and drug act


  Halted the sake of containment foods and medications and called for the truth in product labeling.
• NAACP


  National association for the advancement of colored people. They had over 6000 members and aimed for full equality among all races.
• Referendum


  A vote on an initiative
• Conservation


  Some wilderness areas would be preserved, while others would be developed for the common good.
• Effects of ww1 on the suffragists movements


  America's involvement in the war made suffrage inevitable.