Summary

• What is the purpose of RAM in a computer?

  To store running instructions and open applications
• How does the CPU interact with RAM?

  The CPU fetches instructions from RAM and executes them
• What are the two types of primary storage?

  RAM and ROM
• What is the characteristic of RAM?

  RAM is volatile and wipes data when the computer is switched off
• What does ROM stand for?

  Read Only Memory
• What is the purpose of ROM in a computer?

  To store the boot up sequence and essential data that cannot be modified easily
• What is the difference between volatile and non-volatile memory?

  Volatile memory loses data when powered off, while non-volatile memory retains data
• What happens to data in RAM when the computer is turned off?

  The data is wiped from RAM
• What is virtual memory?

  Virtual memory is a type of secondary storage used as temporary RAM when main memory is full
• Why is virtual memory needed in a computer?

  It is needed when the main memory is full to store additional instructions temporarily
• What is the process of moving data between RAM and virtual memory called?

  Disk trashing
• What is the purpose of secondary storage?

  To permanently save files when the computer is switched off
• What types of secondary storage are mentioned?

  Hard Disk Drive (HDD) and Solid State Drive (SSD)
• What are the characteristics of solid state storage?

  Fast, portable, durable, and reliable
• What is the advantage of magnetic storage?

  It offers large capacity at a low cost
• How does the cost of storage relate to its capacity?

  Cost is measured per kilobyte, with larger capacities generally being cheaper per unit
• What is the capacity range for solid state drives?

  100GB to 4TB
• What is the unit of measure for data storage?

  Bit, Nibble, Byte, Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, Terabytes, Petabytes
• Why do we use binary in computers?

  Because computers consist of transistors that have two states: on or off
• How many videos can be stored on a computer with 1GB of free storage if each video is 100MB?


  10 videos
• What does ASCII stand for?

  American Standard Code for Information Interchange
• How many bits does ASCII use to store characters?

  ASCII uses 8 bits, but only 7 bits are needed for the English language
• What is the difference between ASCII and UNICODE?

  ASCII uses 8 bits while UNICODE uses 16 bits
• What is bit depth in relation to images?

  Bit depth determines how many bits are stored per pixel, affecting the number of available colors
• How does increasing the color depth affect image quality?

  Higher color depth results in more realistic colors and larger file sizes
• What is the formula to calculate the amount of pixels in an image?

  Length * Width
• What does resolution refer to in images?

  Resolution refers to the size of the image in pixels
• How does reducing the number of colors in an image affect its file size?

  It reduces the bit depth, leading to a smaller file size
• What is metadata in relation to files?

  Metadata is additional information about a file
• What information can be included in metadata?

  Height, width, bit depth, file size, location, and creation date
• How is sound stored on a computer?

  Sound is sampled at set intervals and converted to binary
• What factors affect the quality of stored sound?

  Sample frequency, bit rate, and sample depth
• What is the difference between lossy and lossless compression?

  Lossy compression removes data permanently, while lossless compression retains all data
• How does increasing the sample rate affect audio quality?

  Higher sample rates improve audio quality but increase file size
• How many samples are taken for 1 second of audio?

  44,000 samples
• What is the effect of larger sample depth on audio recordings?

  Larger sample depth results in more accurate recordings and larger file sizes
• What is the relationship between bit rate and audio quality?

  Higher bit rates lead to better audio quality
• What is the purpose of sampling in audio recording?

  To measure the height and amplitude of sound waves
• How does metadata help with audio files?

  Metadata provides information about the audio file, such as sample frequency and bit depth
• How does the quality of sound relate to sample frequency and bit depth?

  Higher sample frequency and bit depth improve sound quality but increase file size