cognitive

• What does cognitive psychology assume about the study of internal mental processes?

  It assumes that the scientific and objective study of internal mental processes is possible.
• How do cognitive psychologists formulate conclusions about internal mental processes?

  They make inferences based on observable behaviors.
• What is a significant aspect of the work of cognitive psychologists?

  Much of their work involves the indirect measurement of cognition.
• How does the cognitive approach view mental processes in relation to the brain?

  The cognitive approach sees mental processes as being separate from the brain.
• What tools do cognitive psychologists use to understand cognitive processes?

  They use computer models and theoretical models.
• What is an example of a theoretical model in cognitive psychology?

  The working memory model is an example of a theoretical model.
• What are the components of the working memory model?

  Central executive, phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, and episodic buffer.
• How can analogies be made between computers and the human brain?

  Both involve processes of input, processing, and output.
• When was the invention of the computer crucial for cognitive psychology?

  In the 1960s.
• What are schemas in cognitive psychology?

  Schemas are 'packages' of ideas and knowledge about a certain person, place, object, or time.
• How do schemas help in processing information?

  They provide mental shortcuts to process large volumes of data quickly and efficiently.
• What is a potential downside of schemas in perception?

  They may lead to perceptual distortions due to preconceived frameworks.
• What does cognitive neuroscience study?

  It studies the biological processes and aspects that underlie cognition, focusing on neural connections in the brain.
• Who inferred the involvement of Brodmann's area 22 in language comprehension?

  Carl Wernicke.
• What was a significant advancement in the 1970s regarding brain localization theory?

  Technology allowed for systematic measurement and observation of neural processes linked to specific brain functions.
• What did Petersen et al (1988) find using PET scans?

  Evidence of Wernicke’s area being activated during listening tasks and Broca’s area during reading tasks.
• What are current focuses of cognitive neuroscience research?

  Model-based planning, the neurological basis of autism, and moral reasoning.
• What are some modern applications of cognitive neuroscience?

  Understanding human-computer interactions and predicting reading ability in children.
• How has cognitive neuroscience increased the scientific credibility of psychology?

  By emphasizing the objective collection of reliable data through direct observation of neural processes.
• What is a criticism of cognitive psychology regarding its concepts?

  It relies on overly abstract concepts and inference, lacking empirical evidence.
• What is a practical application of cognitive neuroscience in education?

  Studying a child's performance in phonological tests to predict reading ability.
• What does the cognitive approach say about human decision-making?

  It sees humans as able to reason and make conscious decisions within their cognitive limits.
• How does the cognitive approach's view of determinism differ from behaviorism?

  The cognitive approach adopts a soft deterministic view, allowing for conscious insight into behavior.
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of cognitive psychology?

  Strengths:

  • Scientific methods and rigor enhance credibility.
  • Practical applications in technology and education.

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Overly abstract concepts may lack empirical support.
  • Reliance on inference reduces practical applications.
• How do cognitive psychologists use computer models?

  • To understand and model cognitive processes.
  • By using analogies between computer functions and brain functions.
• What is the role of schemas in cognition?

  • Schemas act as mental frameworks.
  • They help process information quickly but can lead to distortions.
• What is the significance of brain mapping in cognitive neuroscience?

  • It helps identify specific brain areas involved in cognitive functions.
  • It provides empirical evidence for theories of brain localization.
• What is soft determinism in the cognitive approach?

  • It allows for conscious decision-making within cognitive limits.
  • It contrasts with behaviorism's hard determinism.