Non-Communicable Diseases

• What are Non-Communicable Diseases?

  Diseases that can't be passed from one person to another
• What are the risk factors of Non-Communicable Diseases? (4)

  • Age
  • Genetic Makeup
  • Aspects of lifestyle (diet, obesity, level of exercise & inhaling carcinogens in tobacco smoke
  • Environmental factors (ionising radiation, UV light from the sun & second-hand tobacco smoke)
• What is a casual mechanism?

  That there is a link between two factors
• What is an example of a casual mechanism with cigarettes?

  The more cigarettes a person smoked, the more chance they would have of developing lung cancer or cardiovascular disease. There is a correlation between smoking and lung cancer
• What does a casual mechanism explain?

  How one factor influences another through a biological process
• What causes the casual mechanism of increased rates of lung cancer from smoking?

  the action of carcinogens in tobacco smoke on cells in the lungs
• In the UK, how many cases of lung cancer are linked to smoking?

  86%
• There is a high human and financial cost of non-communicable diseases to an individual, a local community, a nation or globally.

  E.g. Reducing the numbers of people who smoke, could reduce the cost of health provision in a country
• Are Benign tumours cancerous? 


  No
• What two types of risk factor affect the development of cancers?

  lifestyle and genetic risk factors
• What is a carcinogen?

  a substance that can cause cancers to develop
• What are 4 similarities between Benign tumours & Malignant tumours?

  • result from changes in the cell/DNA/genes
  • uncontrolled cell growth/division
  • can form a lump of cells
  • made up of abnormal cells
• What are 5 differences between Benign tumours & Malignant tumours?

  • Malignant tumours are made of cancer cells and Benign tumours aren't
  • Malignant tumours grow faster that Benign tumours
  • Malignant tumours invade neighbouring tissues, Benign tumours don't
  • Malignant tumours can spread, Benign tumours stay in 1 place
  • Malignant tumours can form secondary tumours, benign tumours can't