Controlling Blood Sugar Levels

• What are the two hormones most involved in controlling blood glucose level?

  Insulin and glucagon
• How do insulin and glucagon work together to control blood sugar levels?

  • Insulin causes cells, especially muscle cells, to absorb glucose from the blood.
  • Excess glucose is converted into glycogen in the liver and muscles.
  • Glycogen is stored for later use.
  • Glucagon causes glycogen to be converted back into glucose when blood sugar is low.
• What happens to excess glucose in the body?

  It is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
• What is the effect of insulin on blood glucose levels?

  It reduces blood glucose levels.
• What triggers the release of glucagon from the pancreas?

  A low blood glucose level triggers glucagon release.
• What is the role of glucagon in blood sugar regulation?

  Glucagon converts glycogen back into glucose, raising blood glucose levels.
• What condition is characterized by the inability to control blood sugar levels?

  Diabetes
• What are the consequences of having diabetes?

  • Inability to regulate blood sugar levels.
  • Risk of high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
  • Risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).
  • Potential long-term health complications.