c4.3

• What do metals have in common regarding their electron arrangement?

  They have electrons in the outermost shell that they want to get rid of
• What does the reactivity of a metal indicate?

  How easily it forms positive ions
• Which group of metals is the most reactive?

  Group 1 metals
• Why are carbon and hydrogen included in the reactivity series?

  As references to compare the metals against
• What happens when a metal reacts with an acid?

  It forms a salt and hydrogen gas
• What would be the products of reacting potassium with hydrochloric acid?

  Potassium chloride and hydrogen
• How does the reactivity of potassium compare to magnesium when reacting with acids?

  Potassium reacts explosively, while magnesium produces fewer bubbles
• What is observed when magnesium reacts with acid?

  It produces lots of bubbles as the solid metal disappears
• What happens to zinc and iron when they react with acids?

  Zinc produces fewer bubbles than magnesium, and iron usually won't react at all
• How can we measure the reactivity of metals in reactions?

  By measuring the temperature change of the reactions
• What must be ensured for a fair test when comparing metal reactivity?

  Each metal sample must have the same mass and surface area
• What do metals form when they react with water?

  Metal hydroxides and hydrogen
• Which metals do not react with water?

  Zinc, iron, and copper
• What happens when magnesium is placed in a solution of iron sulfate?

  Magnesium displaces iron to form magnesium sulfate and iron
• Why does nothing happen when copper is added to iron sulfate?

  Because copper is less reactive than iron
• What is the reactivity series of metals?

  • A list that ranks metals based on their reactivity
  • Most reactive: Group 1 metals
  • Less reactive: Group 2 metals
  • Least reactive: Transition metals
  • Includes carbon and hydrogen for comparison
• What are the steps to determine the reactivity of metals with acids?

  1. React each metal with acid or water
  2. Observe the speed and violence of the reactions
  3. Measure temperature changes
  4. Ensure fair testing conditions (same mass, surface area, acid type, and concentration)
• What are the products of metal reactions with acids and water?

  • With acids: Salt and hydrogen gas
  • With water: Metal hydroxides and hydrogen
• What are displacement reactions in the context of metals?

  • More reactive metals can displace less reactive ones
  • Example: Magnesium displaces iron in iron sulfate
  • Less reactive metals do not displace more reactive ones