Multi-store model of memory

• Who developed the Multi-Store Model of Memory?

  Atkinson and Shiffrin
• What are the three permanent storage systems in the Multi-Store Model of Memory?

  • Sensory Register (SR)
  • Short-Term Memory (STM)
  • Long-Term Memory (LTM)
• What does the Sensory Register (SR) do?

  It briefly holds sensory information.
• What is the capacity of Short-Term Memory (STM)?

  1. 9 items.
• How long does Short-Term Memory (STM) typically store information?

  About 30 seconds.
• How can the capacity of Short-Term Memory (STM) be increased?

  Through chunking.
• What is the duration of Long-Term Memory (LTM)?

  Indefinite.
• How is information predominantly encoded in Long-Term Memory (LTM)?

  Semantically (meaning-based).
• How long does the Sensory Register (SR) hold information?

  About half a second.
• How is information encoded in Short-Term Memory (STM)?

  Visually, acoustically, or semantically.
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the Multi-Store Model of Memory (MSM)?

  Strengths:

  • Research support showing STM and LTM are different
  • Baddeley’s research on coding indicates different encoding methods

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Evidence of more than one STM store (Shallice and Warrington’s research on KF)
  • Prolonged rehearsal is not needed for transfer to LTM (Craik and Watkins)
• What did Baddeley's research on coding reveal about STM and LTM?

  They encode information differently.
• What does Shallice and Warrington’s research on KF suggest about STM?

  There is more than one STM store processing different types of information.
• What did Craik and Watkins find regarding rehearsal and long-term storage?

  The type of rehearsal is more important than the amount.
• What does the evidence from Craik and Watkins suggest about the Multi-Store Model of Memory (MSM)?


  MSM does not fully explain how long-term storage is achieved.
• What is the main difference between STM and LTM in terms of encoding?

  • STM: Encoded visually, acoustically, or semantically
  • LTM: Predominantly encoded semantically