abbreviations

• AC

  acromioclavicular joint
• ACL

  anterior cruciate ligament of the knee
• ANA

  antinuclear antibody
• BKA

  below knee amputation
• BMD

  bone mineral density
• C1 to C7

  cervical vert
• Ca

  calcium
• CK

  creatine kinase
• CMC

  carpometacarpal joint
• CTS

  carpal tunnel syndrome
• DEXA or DXA

  dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
• DMARD

  disease-modifying antirheumatic drug
• DO

  doctor of osteopathy
• DTRs

  deep tendon reflexes
• EMG

  electromyography
• ESR (sed rate)

  erythrocyte sedimentation rate
• HNP

  herniated nucleus polposus
• IM

  intramuscular
• L1 to L5

  lumber vert
• NSAID

  nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• OA

  osteoarthritis
• ORIF

  open reduction (of fracture)/ internal fixation
• ortho

  orthopedics
• OT

  occupational therapy
• P

  phosphorus
• PT

  physical therapy
• RA

  rheumatoid arthritis
• RF

  rheumatoid factor
• ROM

  range of motion
• SLE

  systemic lupus erythematosus
• T1 to T12

  thoracic vert
• TKR

  total knee replacement/ arthroplasty
• THR

  total hip replacement/arthroplast
• TMJ

  temporomandibular joint