Attachment

• What percentage of babies form an attachment to their father by the age of 18 months according to Schaffer?

  75%
• How do researchers generally view the role of fathers in comparison to mothers?

  Fathers are seen more as playmates than primary caregivers.
• What are some reasons mothers are often seen as primary caregivers?

  • More likely to be at home
  • Breastfeeding creates a special bond
  • Gender roles encourage emotional expression in women
  • Pregnancy duration (9 months)
  • Hormonal differences (oestrogen in females, testosterone in males)
• What is the focus of research regarding fathers as primary attachment figures?

  Whether men can provide the sensitive nurturing required for secure attachment.
• What did Field (1978) find about men as primary caregivers?

  They adopt behaviors typical of mothers, such as smiling and holding infants.
• What does Grossman's research suggest about the attachment quality with mothers and fathers?

  The quality of attachment with mothers is more important than with fathers.
• How does the quality of fathers' play relate to adolescent relationships?

  • Quality of fathers' play is related to quality of adolescent relationships.
  • Suggests fathers' role is more about play and stimulation than nurturing.
• How do fathers typically engage with their children compared to mothers?

  Fathers are more playful and physically interactive.
• What positive effect can a lack of sensitivity from fathers have on children?

  It can encourage problem-solving by making greater cognitive demands.
• What is the primary function of fathers in child development according to the study material?

  To provide play and stimulation rather than nurturing.