c2- bonding, structure and matter

• what is a positive ion called?


  cation
• what is a negative ion called?


  anion
• how are ionic bonds formed?


  Electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.
• what structure do ionic compounds form?


  regular lattice structure

  giant ionic lattice
• how are ions arranged in a regular lattice structure giant?


  the ions form a closely regular lattice arrangement where there are very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions in all directions
• what do ball and stick diagrams show?


  show the different ions with lines between them to represent the ionic bonds
• what are the properties of ionic compounds?

  high melting and boiling points- determined by the strength of the bonds holding the substance together and as there is a lot of really strong ionic bonds, a lot of energy is needed to break them (only available at very high temperatures)

  can conduct electricity (only when melted or dissolved in water)- as the charged particles need to be free to move- in solid, all particles are fixed- when melted or dissolved in water- ions are free to move which allows them to conduct electricity
• how do you determine the formula of an ioninc compound?


  Ionic charges of elements
• what is the charge of a hydroxide ion?


  OH-
• what is the formula for a sulfate ion?

  SO4^2-
• what is the formula for a nitrate ion?


  NO3-
• what is the formula for a carbonate ion?


  CO3^2-
• what is the forumuka for an ammonium ion?


  NH4+