plants cell specialisation

• What are the three specialized plant cells discussed in the video?

  Root hair cells, xylem cells, and phloem cells
• What is the process called when cells develop adaptations to carry out specific functions?

  Differentiation
• What are three key structures found in a general plant cell?

  Chloroplasts, cellulose cell wall, and permanent vacuole
• How are root hair cells specialized for their function?

  • Increase surface area for water absorption
  • Lack chloroplasts as they are underground
• What is the function of root hair cells?

  To absorb water and dissolved minerals
• Why do root hair cells not contain chloroplasts?

  Because they are underground and do not carry out photosynthesis
• What are the key features of xylem cells?

  • Thick walls containing lignin for support
  • End walls broken down to form long tubes
  • No nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole, or chloroplasts
• What do xylem cells transport?

  Water and dissolved minerals
• How does lignin benefit xylem cells?

  It provides structural support to the plant
• What happens to xylem cells due to the sealing of their walls with lignin?

  They die
• What are the characteristics of phloem cells?

  • Consist of phloem vessel cells and companion cells
  • Phloem vessel cells have no nucleus and limited cytoplasm
  • End walls have sieve plates for sugar movement
• What do phloem cells transport?

  Dissolved sugars
• What is the role of companion cells in phloem?

  To provide energy to phloem vessel cells
• What are the pores in the end walls of phloem vessel cells called?

  Sieve plates
• Why do phloem vessel cells have limited cytoplasm?

  To allow dissolved sugars to move through the cell interior
• How do the structures of xylem and phloem cells differ in terms of their function?

  Xylem cells have thick walls for support, while phloem cells have sieve plates for sugar transport
• What adaptations do root hair cells have for water absorption?

  • Root hairs increase surface area
  • No chloroplasts as they are underground
• What adaptations do xylem cells have for transporting water?

  • Thick lignin walls for support
  • No internal structures for easy flow
• What adaptations do phloem cells have for transporting sugars?

  • Sieve plates for sugar movement
  • Companion cells provide energy